Figure 7.

Discrete segmented flow microreactors for the synthesis of ZnO materials. (A) Experimental setup for hydrothermal continuous-flow synthesis of sphere-, cylinder-, star- and flower-like ZnO microparticles. Reproduced with permissions from reference⁵², copyright 2011, Elsevier. (B) Schematic diagram for the flow synthesis of nanoparticles by microemulsion in a microreactor. Reproduced with permissions from reference⁶², copyright 2014, Elsevier. (C) Microfluidic droplet synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: (a) Photograph of microfluidic chip; (b) Flow-focusing geometry; (c) Microfluidic design with expansion channel in the heated reaction zone; (d) Droplet formation of precursor and benzyl alcohol in Fluoronox; (e) Stable and monodisperse droplets in the reaction zone of the device. Reproduced with permissions from reference⁷⁷, copyright 2018, Elsevier.