Table 1.

Differences in clinical characteristics between IC/BPS with and without Hunner lesions (comparison with the counterpart)

	IC/BPS with Hunner lesions	IC/BPS without Hunner lesions	Reference
Age at diagnosis	Older	Younger	5–8, 143, 144
Extent of symptoms	Bladder-centric	Bladder-beyond	7
Bladder-centric symptom severity	Severer	Equally or less severe	7, 11, 140
Bladder capacity	Smaller	Larger	5–8, 11
Comorbid conditions†	Fewer	More	7
Endoscopic surgery‡	Effective	Less effective	9, 10, 28
Bladder pathology	Proven	Unproven	6, 8, 11, 17–19, 22, 65, 66, 103

^†Non-bladder conditions including somatoform disorders, psychosocial health problems or affect dysregulation.

^‡Elimination/steroidal injection for Hunner lesions.