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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Plant. 2020 Aug 21;13(10):1379–1393. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.08.010

Figure 3. Identification and Functional Analysis of Vector-Borne Bacterial Effectors.

Figure 3.

(A) Prediction of effector candidates by machine learning, PAN genome analysis, and host-specific gene expression analysis.

(B) Functional characterization of effector candidates using localization, target identification, and mode-of-action studies.

(C) Potential roles of effectors in modulating plant–bacteria–insect interactions. Images of healthy and AY-WB phytoplasma-infected petunia plants. Images are close-ups of a healthy flower and an infected flower exhibiting virescence (floral greening).