Table 4. Effects of Association Between Physical Multimorbidity, Mental Health Conditions, and Socioeconomic Status on Health-Related Quality of Life, HILDA Surveya, Australia, 2009, 2013, 2017.
| Characteristic | SF-6Db |
|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI)c | |
| Physical multimorbidity | −0.03 (−0.03 to −0.03) |
| Mental health condition | −0.1 (−0.10 to−0.09) |
| Physical health conditions × mental health conditionsd | 0 (0.00 to 0.01) |
| Survey wave no. | |
| 9, 2009, N = 13,284 | Reference |
| 13, 2013, N = 17,459 | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.00) |
| 17, 2017, N = 17,527 | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.01) |
| Socioeconomic indexes for arease | |
| 5 | Reference |
| 4 | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.00) |
| 3 | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.01) |
| 2 | −0.02 (−0.02 to −0.01) |
| 1 | −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.02) |
| Sex | |
| Male | Reference |
| Female | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01) |
| Age | 0 (−0.00 to −0.00) |
| Educationf | |
| Low education | Reference |
| Middle education | 0.01 ((0.00 to 0.01) |
| High education | 0.02 ((0.01 to 0.02) |
| Indigenous status | |
| Non-Indigenous Australian | Reference |
| Indigenous Australian | −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01) |
| Country of birth | |
| Australia | Reference |
| Other English-speaking countries (United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, United States, Ireland, or South Africa) | 0 (−0.00 to 0.01) |
| All others | −0.02 (−0.02 to −0.01) |
| Marital status | |
| Married/cohabiting | Reference |
| Single, separated, divorced, or widowed | −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01) |
| State | |
| New South Wales | Reference |
| Victoria | 0 (−0.00 to 0.00) |
| Queensland | 0 (−0.01 to −0.00) |
| South Australia | −0.01 (−0.01 to −0.00) |
| Western Australia | 0 (−0.01 to 0.00) |
| Tasmania | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.01) |
| Northern Territory | 0 (−0.02 to 0.01) |
| Australian Capital Territory | −0.01 (−0.01 to 0.00) |
| Area | |
| Urban | Reference |
| Rural | 0 (−0.00 to 0.00) |
Abbreviation: HILDA, Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey.
A nationally representative longitudinal survey that collects key information on economic and personal well-being, labor market dynamics, and family life in Australian households among individuals aged 15 years or over (16).
SF-6D is 11 questions from the SF-36 (the short form of the Health Status Questionnaire) used to define the 6 domains of health-related quality of life (physical functioning, role limitation, social functioning, pain, mental health, and vitality) (17). Calculated by using generalized estimating equations with Gaussian family.
Coefficient was calculated from multivariable linear regression model.
Physical and mental condition interaction: number of physical condition and the presence of mental health conditions (binary).
Scale of 1 to 5 with 5 the highest. Socio Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) is an index that ranks geographic areas across Australia according to relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage. SEIFA is based on 2011 social and economic census information (18).
Low level (year 11 and below), middle level (year 12, certificate ⅲ or ⅳ, diploma, advanced diploma), high level (bachelor or honors, graduate diploma, graduate certificate, post graduate).