Table 3.
Logistic Regression for Any Complications
| Characteristics | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age | 1.10 (0.93–1.22) | 0.248 | ||
| Gender (Female) | 0.83 (0.42–1.62) | 0.576 | ||
| BMI | 0.91 (0.88–1.25) | 0.157 | ||
| Surgical level≥3 | 0.84 (0.42–1.68) | 0.621 | ||
| ASA≥3 | 0.98 (0.49–1.95) | 0.957 | ||
| Smoker | 0.66 (0.23–1.89) | 0.440 | ||
| Preoperative ODI (%) | 0.82 (0.77–1.06) | 0.127 | ||
| Preoperative VAS back | 0.98 (0.88–1.14) | 0.861 | ||
| Preoperative VAS leg | 0.89 (0.74–1.30) | 0.363 | ||
| Surgical time | 1.96 (1.03–3.32) | 0.023 | 1.89 (1.02–3.13) | 0.029 |
| Estimated blood loss | 1.03 (0.74–2.76) | 0.694 | ||
| Lower compliance | 2.47 (1.09–5.62) | 0.031 | 2.54 (1.17–5.78) | 0.034 |
| Patient education | 0.91 (0.10–7.98) | 0.930 | ||
| Nutritional counselling | 0.72 (0.08–6.63) | 0.774 | ||
| No prolonged fasting | 0.62 (0.13–3.12) | 0.566 | ||
| Fluid and carbohydrate loading | 0.91 (0.19–4.29) | 0.900 | ||
| Antithrombotic prophylaxis | 1.10 (0.31–3.92) | 0.884 | ||
| Antimicrobial prophylaxis | NA | NA | ||
| Tranexamic acid | NA | NA | ||
| Avoidance of salt and water overload | NA | NA | ||
| Maintenance of normothermia | NA | NA | ||
| Local infiltration analgesia | NA | NA | ||
| Early ambulation | 0.90 (0.43–1.87) | 0.769 | ||
| Early removal of bladder catheter | 0.60 (0.28–1.27) | 0.183 | ||
| Early oral feeding | 0.42 (0.19–0.92) | 0.030 | 0.39 (0.17–0.91) | 0.026 |
| Stick to discharge criteria | 0.98 (0.35–2.72) | 0.968 | ||
| Perioperative multimodal analgesia | NA | NA | ||
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.