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The energy output performance different metal doped ZnO nanoparticle-based devices. A. The raw voltage output from pure, Co, Na, Ag and Li-ZnO nanoparticle-based devices. The inset is the test setup with an impact force of 0.8 N. B. The average voltage output from all devices in A. C. The raw voltage output from the 1, 5 and 20% Li-ZnO nanoparticle-based devices. D. The average voltage output for all devices in C. The error bar is standard deviation of triple measurements.
