Table 2.
Study and patient characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Nation | Study design | Tumor type | Cases (M/F) | Lesions | Age (scope) | Radiothery/ total dose | Reference standard | Follow up (mo) | Blind |
| Xintao Hu 2011[13] | USA | retrospective | GBM | 31 | 31 | UN | UN | Clinicoradiological diagnosis (100%) | Interval time2–3mo | UN |
| Ramon F 2009[14] | USA | retrospective | GBM | 57 (33/24) | 57 | 54.2 ± 10.2 | EBRT | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time2M/ total time>12mo | Image analyst |
| J.Cha 2014[15] | South Korea | retrospective | GBM | 35 (18/17) | 35 | 49 (24–70) | UN | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time3M/ total time10–19mo | UN |
| Ho Sung Kim 2010[16] | South Korea | retrospective | High-Grade | 39 (22/17) | 39 | 48.2 (18–78) | UN | Histopathology | NO | Image analyst |
| Doo-Sik Kong 2011[17] | South Korea | retrospective | GBM | 59 | 59 | 50 (25–74) | UN | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time2M/ total time6–48 mo | Image analyst |
| L.S. Hu 2009[18] | USA | prospective | High-Grade Glioma | 13 | 40 | UN | UN | Histopathology | NO | Image analyst |
| Tae-Hyung Kim 2017[19] | South Korea | retrospective | High-Grade Glioma | 51 (30/21) | 51 | 52.9 (25–72) | RT or gamma knife | clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time >6 mo | Image analyst |
| Achim Seeger 2013[20] | Germany | retrospective | High-Grade Glioma | 40 (24/16) | 40 | 53.6 ± 13.6 | UN | clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time 6–15 mo | Image analyst |
| S. Wang 2016[21] | UK | retrospective | GBM | 41 (27/14) | 41 | 55.71 ± 11.8 | UN | Histopathology | NO | Image analyst |
| Yu-Lin Wang 2018[22] | China | retrospective | GliomasWHO grade (II-IV) | 69 (50/19) | 69 | 41.6 (18–77) | UN/ 40–60 Gy | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time2–3 mo/ total time6–96 mo | Image analyst |
| Nisha Rani 2018[23] | India | prospective | Gliomas WHO grade (II-IV) | 28 (18/10) | 28 | 41.4 ± 15.03 | UN/ 54.0– 60.0 Gy | Clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time6–12 mo | Image analyst |
| A.J. Prager 2015[24] | USA | retrospective | High-Grade Gliomas | 68 (51/17) | 68 | 54.9 (22.6–79.4) | partial brain RT | Histopathology | NO | Image analyst |
| Kambiz Nael 2018[25] | USA | retrospective | GBM | 46 (28/18) | 46 | 32-78 | 59.4–60.0Gy | Clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time 9–13 mo | Image analyst |
| Nader Zakhari 2019[26] | Canada | prospective | High-Grade Gliomas | 66 (43/23) | 68 | 54.1 (50.9–57.3) | 60.0Gy | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | interval time1–3 mo | Image analyst |
| Young Jun Choi 2013[27] | South Korea | retrospective | GBM | 62 (37/25) | 62 | 49.3 (22–79) | 60.0Gy | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time2–3 mo | Image analyst |
| Heba M. Soliman 2018[28] | Egypt | prospective | Gliomas WHO grade (II-IV) | 20 (14/6) | 20 | 49.5 (15–85) | UN | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time 6–12 mo | Image analyst |
| Qian Xu 2017[29] | China | retrospective | Gliomas WHO grade (II-IV) | 29 (17/12) | 29 | 47 ± 11 | UN | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time3M/ total time>6 mo | Image analyst |
| Z. Qiao 2019[30] | China | retrospective | High-Grade Gliomas | 42 | 42 | UN | 3D conformal radiation therapy or gamma knife | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time>3 mo | NO |
| Eike Steidl 2019[31] | Germany | prospective | GBM | 16 (8/8) | 16 | 58 (43–76) | UN | clinicoradiological diagnosis | Interval time1.5 mo/ total time1.5–14 mo | Image analyst |
| Nabil Elshafeey 2019[32] | USA | retrospective | GBM | 98 (67/31) | 98 | UN | UN | Histopathology + clinicoradiological diagnosis | Total time24 mo | UN |