Table 1.

Sources of mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation potential.

Source	Differentiation potential (cell lineage)	Reference
Bone marrow	(i) Hepatocytes (ii) Pancreatic cells (iii) Neuron-like cells (iv) Cardiomyocytes	[19–22]
Adipose tissue	(i) Neuron-like cells (ii) Cardiomyocytes (iii) Hepatocytes (iv) Pancreatic cells	[22–25]
Dental pulp and other dental tissues	(i) Pancreatic β cell-like cells (ii) Hepatocytes (iii) Myocytes (iv) Pancreatic cells (v) Neuron-like cells	[26–30]
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) and UC	(i) Hepatocytes (ii) Pancreatic islet-like cells (iii) Neurons	[31–33]
Wharton's jelly	(i) Hepatocytes (ii) Neurons	[34, 35]
Dermal tissue-derived MSCs	(i) Myocytes	[36]