Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 7,341) | Non-CKD (n = 7,088) | ND-CKD (n = 239) | DD-CKD (n =14) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 4,371 (59.5) | 4,241 (59.8) | 122 (51.0) | 8 (57.1) | 0.024 |
| Age, yr | 47.1 ± 19.0 | 46.5 ± 18.9 | 63.0 ± 14.8a | 59.6 ± 14.5a | < 0.001 |
| Follow-up duration, day | 20.8 ± 13.1 | 20.7 ± 13.0 | 24.5 ± 14.8a | 22.7 ± 15.6a | < 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 97 (1.3) | 78 (1.1) | 19 (8.0) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 297 (4.0) | 247 (3.5) | 45 (18.8) | 5 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 573 (7.8) | 516 (7.3) | 54 (22.6) | 3 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 522 (7.1) | 470 (6.6) | 48 (20.1) | 4 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 443 (6.0) | 410 (5.8) | 33 (13.8) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1,676 (22.8) | 1,586 (22.4) | 84 (35.2) | 6 (42.9) | < 0.001 |
| Connective tissue disease | 268 (3.7) | 241 (3.4) | 27 (11.3) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1,102 (15.0) | 1,041 (14.7) | 58 (24.3) | 3 (21.4) | < 0.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 1,545 (21.0) | 1,384 (19.53) | 156 (65.3) | 5 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,230 (16.8) | 1,033 (14.6) | 190 (79.5) | 7 (50) | < 0.001 |
| Hemiplegia | 100 (1.4) | 95 (1.3) | 4 (1.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0.159 |
| Any malignancy | 359 (4.9) | 330 (4.7) | 28 (11.7) | 1 (7.1) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate to severe liver disease | 9 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 0.006 |
| Metastatic tumor | 33 (0.4) | 29 (0.4) | 4 (1.7) | 0 | 0.016 |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 5 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0.108 |
| Hypertension | 1,572 (21.4) | 1,400 (19.8) | 159 (66.5) | 13 (92.9) | < 0.001 |
Data are expressed as number (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. The P values were assessed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
Non-CKD = non-chronic kidney disease, ND-CKD = non-dialysis-chronic kidney disease, DD-CKD = dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease.
aP < 0.05 vs. Non-CKD group.