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. 2020 Dec 15;11:615972. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.615972

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Copyright © 2020 Han, Guo, Zheng, Zhang, De, Xu, Zhang, Sun, Lv, Liang, Xu, Pang and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Subgroup analysis according to severity of patients with COVID-19 for pooled odds ratio of secondary infections. Four studies were included in the subgroup of patients with severe disease, including 120 patients treated with IL-6 signaling inhibitors and 122 patients treated with SOC. There was no significant difference in terms of risk of infection between groups (pooled OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.37–1.75, p = 0.59). Four studies were included in the subgroup of patients with critical disease, including 289 patients treated with IL-6 signaling inhibitors and 610 patients treated with SOC. The risk of secondary infections tended to be greater in the subgroup of patients with critical disease treated with anti-IL-6 signaling agents than in those treated with SOC (pooled OR = 1.85, 95% CI 0.95–3.61, p = 0.07), though it did not reach statistical significance.