TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the controlled studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Study type | Setting | Country | Severity of participants | Study drug | Dosage | Sample size | Follow-up duration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study drug | SOC | |||||||||
| 1 | Cao et al. (Cao et al., 2020) | RCT | Multi-center | China | Severe | Ruxolitinib | 5 mg po bid | 20 | 21 | 28 days |
| 2 | Colaneri et al. (Colaneri et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Severe | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip (max. 800 mg) | 21 | 91 | 7 days |
| 3 | Somers et al. (Somers et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | USA | Critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip (max. 800 mg) | 78 | 76 | Median 47 days (range 28–67) |
| 4 | Perrone et al. (Perrone et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Multi-center | Italy | All | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip (max. 800 mg) | 180 | 121 | 30 days |
| 5 | Mikulska et al. (Mikulska et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | Italy | Non-critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip or 162 mg ih | 85 | 66 | Median 49 days (range 4–70, IQR 30–56) |
| 6 | Cantini et al. (Cantini et al., 2020a) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Moderate | Baricitinib | 4 mg po qd | 12 | 12 | 14 days |
| 7 | Della-Torre et al. (Della-Torre et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Severe | Sarilumab | 400 mg iv drip | 28 | 28 | 28 days |
| 8 | Gritti et al. (Gritti et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Severe or critical | Siltuximab | 11 mg/kg iv drip | 30 | 30 | 30 days |
| 9 | Guaraldi et al. (Guaraldi et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Multi-center | Italy | Severe | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip (max. 800 mg) or 162 mg ih | 179 | 365 | Median 9 days (IQR 4–15) |
| 10 | Quartuccio et al. (Quartuccio et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | Italy | Severe or critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip | 42 | 69 | 30 days |
| 11 | Campochiaro et al. (Campochiaro et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Severe | Tocilizumab | Two dosage of 400 mg/24 h iv drip | 32 | 33 | 28 days |
| 12 | Capra et al. (Capra et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400 mg iv drip or 324 mg ih | 62 | 23 | Study drug median 9 days (IQR 5–19) vs. SOC 28 days |
| 13 | Potere et al. (Potere et al., 2020a) | Case-control study | Single-center | Italy | Severe | Tocilizumab | 324 mg ih | 40 | 40 | 35 days |
| 14 | Rojas-Marte et al. (Rojas-Marte et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | USA | All | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip | 96 | 97 | Mean (±SD), 15.3 ± 9.9 days |
| 15 | Garcia et al. (Moreno Garcia et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Spain | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400 or 600 mg/24 h iv drip | 77 | 94 | Mean (±SD), 13.1 ± 9.0 days |
| 16 | Rossi et al. (Rossi et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | France | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400 mg iv drip | 106 | 140 | 28 days |
| 17 | Martinez-Sanz et al. (Martinez-Sanz et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Multi-center | Spain | Non-critical | Tocilizumab | Median dose of 600 mg iv drip | 260 | 969 | 30 days |
| 18 | Ip et al. (Ip et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Multi-center | USA | Critical | Tocilizumab | 96% received 400 mg iv drip | 134 | 413 | 30 days |
| 19 | Ramaswamy et al. (Ramaswamy et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Multi-center | USA | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400 mg iv drip or 8 mg/kg iv drip (max. 800 mg) | 21 | 65 | 30 days |
| 20 | Roumier et al. (Roumier et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | France | Severe | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip | 30 | 29 | Median 8 days (IQR 6.0–9.75) |
| 21 | Kimmig et al. (Kimmig et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | USA | Critical | Tocilizumab | 400 mg or 800 mg iv drip | 48 | 63 | ND |
| 22 | Narain et al. (Narain et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Multi-center | USA | ND | Tocilizumab | ND | 364 | 1,505 | 40 days |
| 23 | Wadud et al. (Wadud et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | USA | Critical | Tocilizumab | ND | 44 | 50 | Mean 17.9 days |
| 24 | Kewan et al. (Kewan et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | USA | Severe or critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg plus 400 mg iv drip | 28 | 23 | 21 days |
| 25 | Klopfenstein et al. (Klopfenstein et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Single-center | France | Severe | Tocilizumab | 1 or 2 doses | 20 | 25 | Mean, range, SD Study drug 13 (4–32)±7 days vs. SOC 17 (5–41)±12 days |
| 26 | Cantini et al. (Cantini et al., 2020b) | Cohort study | Multi-center | Italy | Moderate | Baricitinib | 4 mg po qd | 113 | 78 | 14 days |
| 27 | Moreno-Perez et al. (Moreno-Pérez et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Spain | Severe | Tocilizumab | 600 mg, with a second or third dose (400 mg) | 77 | 159 | Median 83.0 days (IQR 78.0–86.5) |
| 28 | Tsai et al. (Tsai et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | USA | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400\600\800 mg iv drip | 66 | 66 | ND |
| 29 | Canziani et al. (Canziani et al., 2020) | Case-control study | Multi-center | Italy | Severe or critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip | 64 | 64 | 30 days |
| 30 | Potere et al. (Potere et al., 2020b) | Cohort study | Single-center | Italy | Moderate with hyperinflammation | Tocilizumab | 324 mg ih | 10 | 10 | 35 days |
| 31 | Gokhale et al. (Gokhale et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | India | Severe | Tocilizumab | 400 mg iv drip | 70 | 91 | Median 16 days (IQR 4.5–50) |
| 32 | Eimer et al. (Eimer et al., 2020) | Cohort study | Single-center | Sweden | Critical | Tocilizumab | 8 mg/kg iv drip | 29 | 58 | 30 days |
| 33 | Patel et al. (Patel et al., 2020a) | Cohort study | Single-center | USA | Severe or critical | Tocilizumab | ND | 42 | 41 | 7 days |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; SOC, standard of care; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; Max., maximum; ND, no data; iv drip, intravenous drip; po, oral intake; ih, subcutaneous injection; qd, once a day; bid, twice a day.