Table 3.

Associations between neurological problems and ADHD in the total sample.

(a) ADHD diagnosis
	Outcome: ADHD diagnosis
	All ages (n = 382)				Children (n = 254)				Adults (n = 128)
	β	s.e	p	OR (95% CI)	β	s.e	p	OR (95% CI)	β	s.e	p	OR (95% CI)
Exposure variable
Neurological Problems	0.32	0.17	0.066	1.37 (0.98–1.92)	0.38	0.19	0.046*	1.46 (1.01–2.12)	0.01	0.33	0.981	1.01 (0.53–1.91)
Covariate 1
Full-scale IQ	− 0.02	0.01	0.080		− 0.02	0.01	0.102		− 0.01	0.02	0.734
Covariate 2
Age	− 0.16	0.03	< 0.001		− 0.12	0.07	0.087		− 0.23	0.10	0.025
Covariate 3
Gender	0.36	0.28	0.195		0.63	0.30	0.037		− 1.19	0.80	0.137
Covariate 4
ASD	0.86	0.33	0.008		0.76	0.35	0.031		1.56	0.83	0.060

(b) ADHD symptoms
	Outcome: ADHD symptoms (CBCL/ABCL-attention subscale score)
	All ages (n = 382)			Children (n = 254)			Adults (n = 128)
	β	s.e	p	β	s.e	p	β	s.e	p
Exposure variable
Neurological Problems	0.07	0.33	0.829	0.65	0.36	0.071	− 1.04	0.62	0.095
Covariate 1
Full-scale IQ	− 0.09	0.02	< 0.001	− 0.08	0.02	< 0.001	− 0.07	0.02	0.003
Covariate 2
Age	− 0.14	0.04	< 0.001	− 0.51	0.12	< 0.001	− 0.45	0.10	< 0.001
Covariate 3
Gender	0.08	0.47	0.859	0.07	0.51	0.884	0.06	0.76	0.940
Covariate 4
ASD	2.89	0.75	< 0.001	2.18	0.72	0.002	5.34	1.68	0.001
Covariate 5
ADHD medication	4.02	0.72	< 0.001	4.11	0.61	< 0.001	5.33	2.29	0.020

Bold values indicates statistical significance

*p < 0.05.

ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder, CBCL the Child Behavior Checklist, ABCL Adult Behaviour Checklist.