Table 4.
Univariate and multivariable analysis on the identified predictiors of transition from non-declining state to declining state.
| Parameters | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <40 | Referent | Referent | ||
| 40-59 | 0.51 (0.31 – 0.84) | 0.008 | 0.84 (0.48 – 1.46) | 0.536 |
| ≥60 | 0.53 (0.28 – 1.03) | 0.061 | 1.27 (0.58 – 2.76) | 0.555 |
| Male gender | 0.26 (0.07 – 1.08) | 0.064 | 0.28 (0.07 – 1.14) | 0.075 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | Referent | Referent | ||
| African American | 1.63 (1.01 – 2.62) | 0.045 | 0.99 (0.57 – 1.72) | 0.974 |
| Other | 1.19 (0.50 – 2.83) | 0.697 | 0.88 (0.36 – 2.16) | 0.787 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
| ≥90 | Referent | Referent | ||
| 60-89 | 0.36 (0.21 – 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.43 (0.23 – 0.78) | 0.005 |
| <60 | 0.27 (0.10 – 0.73) | 0.010 | 0.22 (0.07 – 0.66) | 0.007 |
| High systolic blood pressure a | 1.82 (1.07 – 3.09) | 0.028 | 1.77 (1.01 – 3.12) | 0.047 |
| High urine protein-to-creatinine ratio b | 2.74 (1.40 – 5.33) | 0.003 | 2.07 (1.00 – 4.29) | 0.051 |
| Detectable anti-dsDNA | 1.84 (1.10 – 3.07) | 0.020 | 0.98 (0.52 – 1.86) | 0.963 |
| SLEDAI without renal variables | 1.13 (1.05 – 1.23) | 0.002 | 1.02 (0.92 – 1.14) | 0.699 |
| Low complement component 3 | 1.56 (0.88 – 2.75) | 0.126 | 0.83 (0.42 – 1.66) | 0.602 |
| Low complement component 4 | 2.53 (1.49 – 4.30) | <0.001 | 1.96 (1.02 – 3.77) | 0.044 |
| Low hematocritc | 2.12 (1.34 – 3.35) | 0.001 | 1.71 (1.02 – 2.86) | 0.040 |
| Use of oral prednisone | 1.93 (1.22 – 3.05) | 0.005 | 1.47 (0.90 – 2.40) | 0.125 |
| Use of hydroxychloroquine | 0.95 (0.51 – 1.76) | 0.873 | 1.09 (0.56 – 2.13) | 0.808 |
| Use of antihypertensive drugs | 0.81 (0.52 – 1.28) | 0.360 | 0.86 (0.52 – 1.43) | 0.555 |
| Use of Immunosuppressant drugs | 2.01 (1.27, 3.17) | 0.0003 | 1.61 (0.95, 2.71) | 0.077 |
a
High systolic blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg.
b
High urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was defined as urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5.
c
Low hematocrit was defined as <41% for males and <36% for females.
anti-dsDNA = anti-double stranded DNA, CI = confidence interval, eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate, SLEDAI=systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index.