TABLE 4.

Synthesized standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals produced by various methods in the two datasets.

Method	Meta-analysis on disease activity indices			Meta-analysis on depression and depressive symptoms
	Crohn’s disease	Ulcerative colitis	Overall	Depression	Depressive symptoms	Overall
Cohen’s d, Eq. (4)	−0.115	0.062	−0.028	−0.552	−0.265	−0.326
	(−0.358, 0.129)	(−0.187, 0.311)	(−0.202, 0.146)	(−1.071, −0.034)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.516, −0.136)
	[−0.405, 0.176]	[−0.078, 0.203]	[−0.176, 0.119]	[−1.236, 0.131]	[−0.484, −0.046]	[−0.542, −0.111]
Cohen’s d, Eq. (5)	−0.124	0.062	−0.033	−0.554	−0.266	−0.329
	(−0.363, 0.115)	(−0.182, 0.306)	(−0.203, 0.138)	(−1.068, −0.040)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.519, −0.138)
	[−0.430, 0.182]	[−0.080, 0.204]	[−0.187, 0.121]	[−1.234, 0.126]	[−0.484, −0.047]	[−0.545, −0.112]
Cohen’s d, Eq. (6)	−0.126	0.062	−0.034	−0.554	−0.266	−0.329
	(−0.365, 0.113)	(−0.182, 0.306)	(−0.204, 0.136)	(−1.068, −0.041)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.520, −0.139)
	[−0.436, 0.184]	[−0.080, 0.204]	[−0.190, 0.122]	[−1.234, 0.125]	[−0.485, −0.047]	[−0.546, −0.113]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (10)	−0.117	0.061	−0.030	−0.539	−0.265	−0.324
	(−0.355, 0.122)	(−0.183, 0.304)	(−0.200, 0.141)	(−1.044, −0.033)	(−0.455, −0.075)	(−0.512, −0.136)
	[−0.400, 0.166]	[−0.077, 0.198]	[−0.174, 0.115]	[−1.207, 0.130]	[−0.483, −0.046]	[−0.536, −0.111]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (11)	−0.126	0.060	−0.035	−0.540	−0.265	−0.326
	(−0.360, 0.108)	(−0.178, 0.299)	(−0.202, 0.132)	(−1.041, −0.039)	(−0.455, −0.075)	(−0.515, −0.138)
	[−0.425, 0.172]	[−0.078, 0.199]	[−0.186, 0.116]	[−1.205, 0.125]	[−0.483, −0.047]	[−0.540, −0.113]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (12)	−0.128	0.060	−0.036	−0.541	−0.265	−0.327
	(−0.362, 0.105)	(−0.178, 0.299)	(−0.203, 0.131)	(−1.041, −0.040)	(−0.455, −0.075)	(−0.515, −0.138)
	[−0.431, 0.174]	[−0.078, 0.199]	[−0.189, 0.117]	[−1.206, 0.124]	[−0.483, −0.047]	[−0.540, −0.113]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (13)	−0.120	0.061	−0.032	−0.539	−0.265	−0.324
	(−0.359, 0.118)	(−0.183, 0.304)	(−0.202, 0.139)	(−1.044, −0.034)	(−0.455, −0.075)	(−0.512, −0.136)
	[−0.411, 0.170]	[−0.077, 0.198]	[−0.179, 0.116]	[−1.207, 0.129]	[−0.483, −0.046]	[−0.537, −0.112]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (14)	−0.116	0.061	−0.030	−0.539	−0.265	−0.324
	(−0.355, 0.122)	(−0.183, 0.304)	(−0.200, 0.141)	(−1.044, −0.033)	(−0.455, −0.075)	(−0.512, −0.136)
	[−0.399, 0.166]	[−0.077, 0.198]	[−0.174, 0.115]	[−1.207, 0.130]	[−0.483, −0.046]	[−0.536, −0.111]
Hedges’ g, Eq. (20)	−0.130	0.061	−0.037	−0.545	−0.266	−0.330
	(−0.368, 0.107)	(−0.182, 0.304)	(−0.207, 0.133)	(−1.046, −0.044)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.519, −0.140)
	[−0.440, 0.179]	[−0.077, 0.199]	[−0.193, 0.119]	[−1.210, 0.120]	[−0.484, −0.047]	[−0.544, −0.115]
	{−0.370, 0.109}	{−0.183, 0.305}	{−0.208, 0.134}	{−1.050, −0.040}	{−0.456, −0.075}	{−0.520, −0.139}
Hedges’ g, Eq. (21)	−0.126	0.061	−0.035	−0.544	−0.265	−0.328
	(−0.367, 0.115)	(−0.184, 0.306)	(−0.206, 0.136)	(−1.048, −0.040)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.517, −0.139)
	[−0.429, 0.176]	[−0.077, 0.199]	[−0.188, 0.118]	[−1.211, 0.123]	[−0.484, −0.047]	[−0.542, −0.114]
	{−0.365, 0.113}	{−0.182, 0.305}	{−0.206, 0.136}	{−1.048, −0.039}	{−0.456, −0.075}	{−0.518, −0.139}
Hedges’ g, Eq. (22)	−0.142	0.061	−0.043	−0.545	−0.266	−0.331
	(−0.381, 0.097)	(−0.178, 0.299)	(−0.212, 0.126)	(−1.043, −0.047)	(−0.456, −0.075)	(−0.520, −0.141)
	[−0.468, 0.184]	[−0.079, 0.200]	[−0.206, 0.120]	[−1.209, 0.118]	[−0.484, −0.047]	[−0.545, −0.116]
	{−0.382, 0.098}	{−0.183, 0.304}	{−0.214, 0.128}	{−1.048, −0.042}	{−0.456, −0.075}	{−0.521, −0.140}

Note: the confidence intervals inside parentheses are derived using the conventional method in Equation (23); those inside square brackets are derived using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman method in Equation (24); and those inside braces are derived using the method in Equation (26).

The confidence intervals not encompassing 0 are in boldface.