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. 2020 Dec 15;11:592436. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592436

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Copyright © 2020 Hussain, Deb, Chini, Obaid, Bhan, Ansari, Mishra, Bobzean, Udden, Alluri, Das, Brothers, Perrotti and Mandal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model showing the mechanism of E2-mediated activation of HOXA5. Binding of E2 induces conformational change in ERs and induces dimerization and activation of ERs. Activated ER dimers enter the nucleus, bind to the HOXA5 promoter (EREs). ER co-regulators (CBP, p300, MLL2, MLL3, and others) also bind to the HOXA5 promoter, modify chromatins (H3K4-trimethylation via MLL2 and MLL3 and histone acetylation via CBP/p300), aid in recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and general transcription factors (GTFs) to the promoter and ultimately lead to transcription activation of HOXA5.