Table 2.
Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scoresaccording to characteristics of dental students (mean ± standard deviation).
| EE | DP | PA | PHQ-9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 23.1 ± 9.9 | 11.0 ± 5.2 | 31.1 ± 7.5 | 5.0 ± 4.3 |
| Female | 26.9 ± 10.3 p = 0.055a |
12.0 ± 7.1 p = 0.370a |
29.5 ± 6.1 p = 0.222a |
6.5 ± 6.0 p = 0.151a |
| Study year | ||||
| 3rd | 25.8 ± 10.3 | 11.8 ± 6.4 | 30.0 ± 7.0 | 6.6 ± 5.6 |
| 4th | 24.0 ± 10.2 p = 0.347a |
11.1 ± 6.0 p = 0.568a |
30.7 ± 6.8 p = 0.600a |
5.0 ± 4.7 p = 0.088a |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 24.6 ± 10.2 | 11.4 ± 6.2 | 30.7 ± 6.8 | 5.5 ± 5.1 |
| Married | 27.1 ± 10.2 p = 0.420b |
12.3 ± 6.6 p = 0.763b |
26.1 ± 7.9 p = 0.125b |
8.6 ± 5.2 p = 0.099b |
| Funding for studies | ||||
| Private | 34.0 ± 12.3 | 15.2 ± 5.9 | 36.1 ± 6.3 | 6.3 ± 5.6 |
| Loan | 32.6 ± 9.7 | 16.4 ± 6.2 | 38.9 ± 7.0 | 5.6 ± 5.1 |
| Scholarship | 27.0 ± 8.5 p = 0.577c |
9.0 p = 0.154c |
40.5 ± 9.2 p = 0.210c |
4.5 ± 2.1 p = 0.849c |
| Academic grade | ||||
| Low | 21.6 ± 10.0 | 10.6 ± 5.4 | 28.8 ± 7.4 | 5.3 ± 5.7 |
| Intermediate | 26.0 ± 11.3 | 11.3 ± 6.9 | 31.8 ± 5.7 | 6.5 ± 5.9 |
| High | 26.0 ± 8.4 p = 0.127d |
12.4 ± 5.7 p = 0.498d |
29.8 ± 7.8 p = 0.151d |
4.9 ± 3.1 p = 0.361d |
| Academic workload | ||||
| <40 h/week | 20.9 ± 10.7 | 9.9 ± 6.7 | 30.2 ± 7.6 | 5.3 ± 5.2 |
| 40–50 h/week | 25.1 ± 8.0 | 10.4 ± 5.0 | 30.5 ± 6.9 | 5.4 ± 4.7 |
| ≥50 h per week | 28.2 ± 9.9∗∗ p = 0.004d∗ |
13.6 ± 5.8∗∗ p = 0.012d∗ |
30.6 ± 6.4 p = 0.965d |
6.3 ± 5.5 p = 0.659d |
∗Statistically significant according to one-way analysis of variance test, p < 0.05.
∗∗Significantly higher than the ‘<40 h/week’ group according to Bonferroni post-hoc analysis, p < 0.05.
DP: depersonalization.
EE: emotional exhaustion.
PA: personal accomplishment.
a
Student's t-test.
b
Mann–Whitney U test.
c
Kruskal–Wallis test.
d
One-way analysis of variance test.