Table 1.
Animal models for regeneration of the esophagus.
| Year | Author | Animal | Portion | Cell source | Scaffold | Bioreactor | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial-thickness defects model | |||||||
| 2005 | Badylak SF [20] | canine | Cervical | – | UB-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2006 | Ohki T [21] | canine | Chest | mucosal epithelial cell (sheet) | – | – | no stenosis |
| 2007 | Sakurai T [22] | porcine | Chest | buccal keratinocyte (injection) | – | – | no stenosis |
| 2009 | Nieponice A [23] | canine | Cervical | – | UB-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2011 | Honda M [24] | canine | abdominal | adipose tissue-derived cell (injection) | – | – | no stenosis |
| 2013 | Nieponice A [25] | rodent | Cervical | bone marrow-derived cell | UB-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| Full-thickness, partial defect model | |||||||
| 2000 | Badylak SF [26] | canine | Cervical | – | UB-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2001 | Isch JA [27] | canine | Cervical | – | decellularized collagen (human) | – | no stenosis |
| 2002 | Komuro H [6] | porcine | Chest | (autologous epithelium remained) | collagen sponge | – | no stenosis |
| 2003 | Grikscheit TC [17] | rodent | Abdominal | esophageal organoid unit | biodegradable polymer tube | Omentum | unobstructed |
| 2004 | Lynen JP [28] | rabbit | Abdominal | – | polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mesh | – | no stenosis |
| 2004 | Lynen JP [28] | rabbit | Abdominal | – | polygractin910 (Vicryl) mesh | – | anastomotic leakage |
| 2005 | Badylak SF [20] | canine | Cervical | – | UB-ECM (porcine) | – | stenosis |
| 2006 | Lopes MF [29] | rodent | Cervical | – | SIS-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2007 | Urita Y [18] | rodent | Abdominal | – | gastric acellular matrix (rodent) | omentum | no stenosis |
| 2009 | Wei RQ [7] | canine | Cervical | oral mucosal epithelial cells | SIS-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2013 | Tan B [10] | canine | Cervical | MSC | SIS-ECM (porcine) | – | no stenosis |
| 2015 | Diemer P [30] | rabbit | Abdominal | – | poly-e-caprolactone mesh | – | pseudodiverticulum |
| 2016 | Park SY [12] | rabbit | Cervical | MSC | poly-e-caprolactone mesh | – | no stenosis |
| 2017 | Okuyama H [31] | canine | Abdominal | – | In-body tissue architecture | – | no stenosis |
| Full-thickness, circumferential defect model | |||||||
| 2000 | Saito M [32] | rodent | Cervical | split-thickness skin | collagen sponge + silicone membrane | latissimus dorsi muscle | no stenosis |
| 2000 | Badylak SF [26] | canine | Cervical | – | SIS-ECM (porcine) | – | stenosis |
| 2003 | Grikscheit T [33] | rodent | Abdominal | esophageal organoid unit | biodegradable polymer tube | Omentum | stenosis |
| 2007 | Urita Y [18] | rodent | Abdominal | – | gastric acellular matrix (rodent) | omentum | asphyxation |
| 2008 | Nakase Y [19] | caninne | Chest | keratinocyte, fibroblast, smooth muscle tissue | amniotic membrane + polyglicolic acid felt | omentum | no stenosis |
| 2009 | Doede T [34] | porcine | Cervical | – | SIS-ECM (porcine) | – | stenisos |
| 2010 | Gaujoux S [35] | porcine | Cervical | – | allogenic aorta | – | no stenosis |
| 2014 | Sjoqvist S [11] | rodent | Cervical | MSC | esophageal ECM (rodent) | – | no stenosis |
| 2015 | Poghosyan T [8] | porcine | Cervical | oral mucosa, myoblast | SIS-ECM + amniotic membrane | omentum | no stenosis |
| 2017 | Catry J [36] | porcine | Abdominal | MSC | SIS-ECM (porcine) | omentum | stenosis |
| 2018 | Luc G [37] | porcine | Abdominal | – | esophageal ECM (porcine) | omentum | stenosis |
| 2019 | Takeoka Y [38] | rodent | Abdominal | dermal fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, MSC | bio 3D printer | omentum | no stenosis |
Table 1 modified from Kanetaka K, Surg Today, 2018.