Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Overall |
Men |
Women |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 644 |
n = 267 |
n = 377 |
|||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | Median (Q1, Q3) | Median (Q1, Q3) | |||
| Age (years) | 75 (70, 80) | 75 (70, 79) | 76 (71, 80) | 0.056∗ | |
| ΔE value | 41.8 (36.8, 47.2) | 43.8 (38.7, 48.5) | 41.0 (35.9, 46) | <0.001∗ | |
| a∗ value | 18.1 (14.4, 22.3) | 19.6 (15.7, 23.1) | 17.5 (13.6, 21.5) | <0.001∗ | |
| 10 Color Shades | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (6, 8) | 6 (5, 8) | <0.001∗ | |
| 5 Color Scales | 3 (3, 4) | 4 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | <0.001∗ | |
| Number of present teeth | 18 (6, 25) | 19 (6, 25) | 17 (5, 24) | 0.104∗ | |
| Number of artificial teeth | 6 (0, 22) | 5 (0, 20) | 7 (0, 22) | 0.294∗ | |
| Number of functional teeth | 28 (27, 28) | 28 (27, 28) | 28 (27, 28) | 0.112∗ | |
| Oral moisture score | 28.5 (26.8, 29.8) | 28.5 (27.1, 29.8) | 28.5 (26.7, 29.8) | 0.680∗ | |
| n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
P value |
||
| Eichner index | A | 177 (27.9) | 80 (30.5) | 97 (26.1) | 0.414∗∗ |
| B | 232 (36.6) | 95 (36.3) | 137 (36.8) | ||
| C | 225 (35.5) | 87 (33.2) | 138 (37.1) | ||
| Removable denture use | Yes | 392 (61.0) | 158 (59.4) | 234 (62.1) | 0.494∗∗ |
| Subjective symptoms of dry mouth | Yes | 200 (31.1) | 56 (21.0) | 144 (38.2) | <0.001∗∗ |
Q1: First quartile, Q3: Third quartile.
∗: Mann–Whitney U test.
∗∗: Chi-squared test.
The results of the four evaluation methods for chewing gum color change all showed significant differences between men and women.