Figure 2.

Effects of the metabolites packaged in virions on virus infection

(A) Content of compounds in shrimp hemocytes at different times after the injection of compounds. Palmitic amide and oleamide were injected into WSSV-infected shrimp. At different times after the compound injection, the content of compounds in the shrimp hemocytes was examined by LC-MS. The data represented the results of three independent assays.

(B) Influence of palmitic amide and oleamide on WSSV infection. The compounds at various concentrations were injected into the WSSV-infected shrimp. At different times post-infection, the shrimp were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR to quantify the WSSV copies in the shrimp hemocytes. The experiments were biologically repeated for three times (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01).

(C) Impact of constant existence of palmitic amide on WSSV content in shrimp. Shrimp were injected with palmitic amide and/or WSSV. WSSV alone was used as a positive control. Palmitic amide (100 μM) and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) without WSSV were included in the injections as negative controls. For the treatment WSSV+100 μM palmitic amide, shrimp were injected three times to ensure the constant presence of palmitic amide. Firstly, shrimp were injected with 100 μM of palmitic amide. Twenty four hours later, the same shrimp were injected with WSSV and palmitic amide (100 μM). Finally, the shrimp were injected with palmitic amide (100 μM) at 24 hr after infection. At different times post-infection, the WSSV copies were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (∗∗p < 0.01).

(D) Shrimp cumulative mortality analysis. The treatments were indicated on the top. The numbers on the horizontal axis represented the days post-infection. Data represented the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate assays (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01).