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. 2020 Sep 27;12:185. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00523-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Optimized procedure for mRNA transfection by vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation. a Schematic illustration of the VNB photoporation procedure for mRNA transfection. b Analysis of physical mRNA integrity by native agarose gel electrophoresis; 1 µg eGFP-mRNA was incubated on HeLa cells for the specified amount of time, either with or without a prior washing step with Opti-MEM. As controls, mRNA incubated only in Opti-MEM (Opti-MEM ctrl) or incubated for 30 min with 10 µg mL⁻¹ RNAse A (RNAse A ctrl) was included