Fig. 2.

Optimization of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) concentration and laser fluence for eGFP-mRNA transfection in HeLa cells. a HeLa cells were photoporated in the presence of 0.3 µM eGFP-mRNA with increasing AuNP concentrations using a fixed laser fluence of 1.8 J cm⁻². b HeLa cells were photoporated in the presence of 0.3 µM eGFP-mRNA with increasing laser fluences using a fixed AuNP concentration of 8 × 10⁷ AuNPs mL⁻. Transfection efficiencies are expressed as the percentage eGFP-positive cells as determined by flow cytometry (n ≥ 3). Cell viability values were determined with the CellTiter-Glo assay and expressed relatively to the untreated control (n = 3). One-way ANOVAs with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were performed to determine statistical differences (ns = nonsignificant; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001)