Fig. 4.

a Schematic of the optical injection structure with WSe₂. Utilizing circularly polarized light, the spin-polarized electrons will generate in WSe₂, and then diffuse into graphene and cause non-local spin signals, as shown on the right. When there is no light, the signal is in its initial state. And once there is light, the signal rises rapidly [104]. b Schematic of Co/MoS₂ heterostructure and experimental configuration. The figure below describes the principle of spin injection [105]. c Schematic of Bi₂Te₂Se/graphene heterostructure spin injection and the non-local spin signals [85]. d Schematic of spin Hall effect in graphene with MoS₂ at room temperature [119]. e Spin-to-charge conversion in a trilayer graphene/Pt lateral heterostructure. Sketch of the inverse spin Hall effect (top) and spin Hall effect (bottom) measurement configurations [120].

Figures reproduced with permission from Refs. [85, 104, 105, 119, 120]