Fig. 2.
In vitro photothermal and free radial effect. a Thermal images of HepG2 cell culture medium in 96-well plate: (1), (2), (5), and (6) were added with Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs, while (3) and (4) were added with culture medium; the area in the red dotted frame was treated with 5 min exposure to 808 nm laser. b Characterization of intracellular free radical and its oxidation products after exposure to 808 nm laser by DCFH-DA assay and c the corresponding quantitative fluorescence intensity. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to the one treated with Bi2Se3@ZnPc NPs at the same condition. d Percentage of GSH amount in HepG2 cells treated with Bi2Se3@AIPH NPs (in normoxic and hypoxic atmosphere). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to the one in the control cells. n = 4