Table 1.
Ion sieving performance evaluation of different MXene membranes
| Membrane | Rejection (%) | Permeability (L/m2 h bar) | Remarks | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MXene-derived membranes supported on α-Al2O3 |
Na2SO4: 75.9 MgSO4: 67.3 NaCl: 55.3 MgCl2: 46.1 |
22.4 L |
The interlayer spacing between nanosheets of MXene-derived membranes can be adjusted by regulating the sintering temperature The interlayer spacing decreased with an increase in temperature At temperature > 400 °C, the oxidation of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets into TiO2 NPs occurs and the ion retention reduced |
[54] |
| Ti3C2Tx membrane | – | 38 |
The flux through MXene membrane declined with increasing thickness until reaching a steady-state value at higher thickness The permeation was found dependent on both the cations’ size and charge Better selectivity is shown toward charged metal cations and dye cations of different sizes than GO |
[36] |
| Ag@MXene composite membrane |
MG: 92.32 RhB: 79.93 BSA: 100 NaCl: 25.8 MgCl2: 41.3 AlCl3: 49.5 |
420 |
Ag@MXene membrane demonstrated higher water flux than pristine MXene membranes Ag@MXene composite membrane also revealed enhanced bactericidal characteristics and moderate salt rejection |
[51] |
| MXene membrane supported on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate |
BSA: 100 RB, Rhodamine B: 85 EB, Evans Blue: 90 Cytochrome C: 97 |
1084 |
Membrane exhibited high water flux (> 1000 L/m2 h bar) and promising rejection rate (> 90 %) for molecules with sizes larger than 2.5 nm The improved water permeation can be attributed to the additional nanochannels formed in the MXene membrane after deposition on AAO support |
[53] |
| Self-cross-linked MXene (Ti3C2Tx) membranes | NaCl: 98.6 | 0.0515 |
Self-cross-linked MXene membrane exhibited excellent stability and anti-swelling property Membrane demonstrated improved performance of the ion exclusion compared to pristine MXene |
[57] |
| Ti3C2Tx | MB: 98.0 ± 0.9 | 10.6 |
Positive and negative voltages decreased and increased rejection through MXene membranes, respectively Exclusion of ions from the Ti3C2Tx membranes by the application of electrical voltage provides a facile method to regenerate the MXene membranes |
[59] |
| Ti3C2Tx/poly(vinyl alcohol (PVA) | MB: 97.2 ± 0.8 | 7.4 | ||
| MXene slit membranes (MD simulation) | Monovalent salt ions: 100 | 400 | The material’s inherent interaction parameters, hydrophobicity, and shape of the slits were found to affect the desalination performance | [55] |