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. 2020 Jul 31;12:156. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00494-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a TRPL curves for a pristine perovskite film and with different chlorine contents. b TRPL curves for pristine perovskite films (black) in conjunction with a hole quencher (red) and an electron quencher (blue) [11]. Copyright © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. c Absorption spectra and steady-state PL emission spectra of MAPbI₃ perovskite films fabricated at different casting temperatures of 25 °C and 70 °C. d EQE spectra for perovskite solar cells with varying active layer thicknesses through hot cast [53]. Copyright © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. e Average grain size with error bar determined for 1–48 h aging time. f Peak ratio of MAPbI₃/MAPbCl₃ as a function of aging time and FWHM of MAPbI₃ peak (2θ = 14.28°) [46]. Copyright © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. g XRD patterns as a function of peak intensity versus 2θ (degree) of the hot-cast BA₂MA₄Pb₅I₁₆ films from precursor solutions using DMF, DMSO, and mixed solvents. h FWHM of the (111) reflection as a function of precursor solvent used for thin-film fabrication [17]. Copyright © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. i XRD patterns of RT and hot-cast fabricated (n-BA)₂(MA)₃Pb₄I₁₃ and (iso-BA)₂(MA)₃Pb₄I₁₃ perovskites [18]. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd.