Fig. 10.

a Charging curve of the MSC array component. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15]. b A typical self-charging process under periodic compressive stress of a SCPC fabricated using PVDF mesoporous nanostructured film as piezo-separator. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [16]. c Self-charging process of the serially connected five SCSPCs under periodic compressive strain provided by human palm impact to the whole devices. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [17]. d The self-charging-discharging profile under continuous human finger imparting. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [21]