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Record-high solar-water efficiency in SVGMD and its excellent performance in desalination of natural seawater and salty brine and purification of mineral oil-contaminated water. a Schematic of SVGMD with the solar simulator. b The temperature of vapour in the gap and bulk water in the tank as a function of time at an illumination of 1 kW m−2. c Comparison of energy efficiency between current work and previous studies [13, 15, 17]. d The energy balance and heat transfer in SVGMD
