. 2020 Jul 14;12:149. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00489-z

Table 2.

Reported electro-chemical reactions in a variety of piezoelectric applications

Piezo-electro-chemical applications	Electro-chemical reactions
Selective deposition	Ag⁺ + e⁻ → Ag
	Sn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Sn
	H₂O + 2h⁺ → 1/2O₂ + 2H⁺
	Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Al
	Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Zn
	Pb²⁺ + 2H₂O + 2h⁺ → PbO₂ + 4H⁺
	PbO + 2h⁺ → Pb²⁺ + 1/2O₂
	PbO₂ + 2h⁺ → Pb²⁺ + O₂
	3NO₃⁻ + 4H⁺ + 2e⁻ → N₂O₄ + 2H₂O
	NO₃⁻ + 4H⁺ + 3e⁻ → NO + 2H₂O
	2Cl⁻ + 2h⁺ → Cl₂ (g)
	Cl⁻ + 4H₂O + 8h⁺ → ClO₄ + 8H⁺
	Cl⁻ + H₂O + 2h⁺ → HClO + H⁺
	Cl⁻ + 2H₂O + 4h⁺ → HClO₂ + 3H⁺
	Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Fe
Hydrogen production	2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂
Hydrogen production	H₂O + 2h⁺ → 2H⁺ + 1/2O₂
Dye degradation	e⁻ + O₂ → ·O₂⁻
Dye degradation	h⁺ + OH⁻ → ·OH
Self-charging power cells	LiCoO₂ → Li₁ ₋ _xCoO₂ + xLi⁺ + xe⁻
Self-charging power cells	TiO₂ + xLi⁺ + xe⁻ → Li_xTiO₂