Table 11.

Applications of electronic nose in agriculture

Product	Objective	E-nose configuration	Sensor type	Sensor arrays	Multivariate data analysis	Refs.
Sesame oil	Detection adulteration in sesame oil	A PEN-2 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA, FLT, Step-LDA, SFW, PNN, BPNN, GRNN	[313]
Olive oils	The detection of olive oils	A PEN-2 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA	[314]
Red raspberries	The aromatic characteristics of red raspberries	A PEN-2 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA	[315]
Compost maturity	The monitoring of composting process produces	A PEN-3 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA	[316]
Hyssopus officinalis	Discriminate the accessions	A PEN-3 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA and HCA	[317]
Rice	Estimation of the age and amount of brown rice plant	A PEN-3 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA, LDA, PNN, and BPNN	[318]
Jujubes	Characterization of different varieties of Chinese jujubes	A PEN-3.5 e-nose from Win Muster Airsense Analytics Inc., Schwerin, Germany	MOS	10	PCA and LDA	[319]
Virgin olive oil	Adulteration with hazelnut oil	The FOX 4000 e-nose from Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France	MOS	18	PCA and PLS	[320]
Ginseng	Discrimination of American ginseng and Asian ginseng	The FOX 4000 e-nose from Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France	MOS	18	PCA and PLS	[321]
Flax seed oil	Differently processed oils for fraud detection	The FOX 3000 e-nose from Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France	MOS	18	PCA	[322]
Lonicera japonica	Quality control of Lonicera Japonica stored for different period of time	The FOX 3000 e-nose from Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France	MOS	12	LDA, PCA, and RBF-ANN	[323]
Tomato	Comparison of different stages of tomato	The FOX 4000 e-nose from Alpha MOS, Toulouse, France	MOS	18	PCA and ANOVA	[324]
White pepper	The chemical and flavor qualities of white pepper	α-Gemini from Alpha M.O.S. SA, Toulouse, France	MOS	6	PCA	[325]
Virgin olive oil	Confirmation of geographical origin and authentication	Model 3320 applied sensor lab emission analyzer from applied Sensor Co., Linkoping, Sweden	MOSFET	10	PCA, CP-ANN	[326]
			MOS	12
Asphalt odor	Asphalt odor patterns in hot mix asphalt production	Cyranose 320 from Intelligent Optical Systems Inc., CA, USA	CP	32	Polar plots, PCA	[327]
Plant Pest and Disease	The discrimination of plant pest and disease	Model ST214 from Scensive Technologies Ltd., Normanton, UK	OCP	13	PCA, DFA, CA	[328]
Odors emissions	Monitoring of odors from a composting plan	EOS from Sacmi Group, Imola, Italy	MOS	6	kNN	[329]

OCP organic conducting polymer