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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 12.
Published in final edited form as: J Nat Prod. 2020 Dec 22;84(1):161–182. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00968

Table 1.

Viruses discussed in this review and associated information.

Virus Taxonomy Emergence Source/Transmission Type Genome Size Treatments
SARS-CoV Order: Nidovirales Family: Coronaviridae Genus: Betacoronavirus Foshan, China 2002 Bats -- > Intermediate mammal host -- > Human Positive-sense RNA virus ~30 kilobases No
SARS-CoV-2 Order: Nidovirales Family: Coronaviridae Genus: Betacoronavirus Wuhan, China 2019 Bats -- > Intermediate mammal host -- > Human Positive-sense RNA virus ~30 kilobases No
MERS-CoV Order: Nidovirales Family: Coronaviridae Genus: Betacoronavirus Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2012 Bats -- > Intermediate mammal host -- > Human Positive-sense RNA virus ~30 kilobases No
Ebola virus Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebolavirus Sudan & Zaire 1976 Bats ---> Humans Mammal hosts --- > Humans Humans --->Humans Negative-sense RNA virus 19 kb Vaccine: rVSV-ZEBOV
Marburg virus Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Marburgvirus Marburg 1967 Bats ---> Humans Mammal hosts --- > Humans Humans --->Humans Negative-sense RNA virus 19 kb No
Dengue Order: Amarillovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Endemic since WWII. Subtropics and tropics where the aedes sp mosquito exist Primates -- > Mosquito Vector -- > Humans Positive-sense RNA virus 10.7kb No
West Nile Order: Amarillovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Africa 1937 United States 1999 Birds -- > Mosquito Vector -- > Human Positive-sense RNA virus 11kb No
Zika Order: Amarillovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Unknown -- > Mosquito Vector -- > Humans Positive-sense RNA virus 11kb Vaccines in development, no other treatments available
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Order: Amarillovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Virus isolated in 1937. Endemic in Russia, Europe Ticks -- > Humans Positive-sense RNA virus 11kb Vaccine available, but not outside of endemic areas.
Japanese Encephilitis Virus Order: Amarillovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Flavivirus Southeast Asia 1930’s Unknown -- > Mosquito Vector -- > Humans Positive-sense RNA virus 10.9kb Vaccine available, but no other pharmaeutical treatments available.