Forest plots of complete response rates of CIS-containing studies,
recurrence-free rates (RFRs) of papillary-only studies; and disease-free rates
(DFR) of studies accruing both CIS and papillary disease patients at 3, 6,12,18,
and 24 mo following treatment initiation excluding studies with a high risk of
bias. BCG = bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CR = complete response; EMDA =
electromotive drug administration; IFNα = interferon alpha; i/ves =
intravesical; MCNA = M. phlei cell wall–nucleic acid
complex; MMC = mitomycin C.