TABLE 2.
Attitudes towards LGBTQ health among surveyed advanced practice providers
| n (%) | Political affiliation | LGBTQ Friends/ Family |
Licensure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Otherc | Yes | No | Physician assistant |
Advanced registered nurse practitioner |
Anaesthesia-related licensure | |
| 1. I am comfortable treating LGB patients | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Neutral | 2 (2.6) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 73 (93.6) | 26 (96.3) | 11 (84.6) | 25 (96.2) | 10 (90.9) | 66 (93.0) | 5 (100.0) | 24 (92.3) | 34 (97.1) | 10 (90.9) |
| 2. I am confident in my knowledge of health needs of LGB patients | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 7 (9.0) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (9.1) | 7 (9.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.7) | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Neutral | 18 (23.1) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (53.8) | 1 (3.8) | 4 (36.4) | 14 (19.7) | 3 (60.0) | 6 (23.1) | 6 (17.1) | 4 (36.4) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 53 (67.9) | 18 (66.7) | 5 (38.5) | 23 (88.5) | 6 (54.5) | 50 (70.4) | 2 (40.0) | 18 (69.2) | 25 (71.4) | 7 (63.6) |
| 3. I am comfortable treating transgender patients | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 3 (3.8) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Neutral | 7 (9.0) | 4 (14.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) | 4 (5.6) | 3 (60.0) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (9.1) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 68 (87.2) | 22 (81.5) | 11 (84.6) | 26 (100.0) | 8 (72.7) | 64 (90.1) | 2 (40.0) | 21 (80.8) | 33 (94.3) | 10 (90.9) |
| 4. I am confident in my knowledge of health needs of transgender patients | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 10 (12.8) | 5 (18.5) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (18.2) | 10 (14.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (19.2) | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Neutral | 26 (33.3) | 8 (29.6) | 8 (61.5) | 7 (26.9) | 3 (27.3) | 20 (28.2) | 5 (100.0) | 7 (26.9) | 13 (37.1) | 4 (36.4) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 42 (53.8) | 14 (51.9) | 4 (30.8) | 17 (65.4) | 6 (54.5) | 41 (57.7) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (53.8) | 18 (51.4) | 7 (63.6) |
| 5. I would be interested in education regarding the unique health needs of LGBTQ patients | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 3 (3.8) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Neutral | 13 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | 6 (46.2) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (15.5) | 2 (40.0) | 7 (26.9) | 2 (5.7) | 3 (27.3) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 62 (79.5) | 23 (85.2) | 6 (46.2) | 24 (92.3) | 8 (72.7) | 57 (80.3) | 3 (60.0) | 19 (73.1) | 33 (94.3) | 7 (63.6) |
| 6. I would be willing to be listed as an LGBTQ-friendly provider | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 2 (2.6) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Neutral | 15 (19.2) | 5 (18.5) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (3.8) | 4 (36.4) | 12 (16.9) | 3 (60.0) | 6 (23.1) | 4 (11.4) | 3 (27.3) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 61 (78.2) | 21 (77.8) | 8 (61.5) | 25 (96.2) | 6 (54.5) | 57 (80.3) | 2 (40.0) | 20 (76.9) | 31 (88.6) | 7 (63.6) |
| 7. The LGBTQ population is often more difficult to treat | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 47 (60.3) | 14 (51.9) | 7 (53.8) | 18 (69.2) | 7 (63.6) | 43 (60.6) | 3 (60.0) | 17 (65.4) | 23 (65.7) | 4 (36.4) |
| Neutral | 22 (28.2) | 9 (33.3) | 5 (38.5) | 6 (23.1) | 2 (18.2) | 20 (28.2) | 2 (40.0) | 6 (23.1) | 10 (28.6) | 5 (45.5) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 9 (11.5) | 4 (14.8) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (18.2) | 8 (11.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (5.7) | 2 (18.2) |
| 8. It is important to know the sexual orientation of my patients to provide the best care | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 22 (28.2) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (30.8) | 10 (38.5) | 1 (9.1) | 21 (29.6) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (26.9) | 7 (20.0) | 6 (54.5) |
| Neutral | 21 (26.9) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (30.8) | 8 (30.8) | 3 (27.3) | 19 (26.8) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (19.2) | 11 (31.4) | 3 (27.3) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 35 (44.9) | 15 (55.6) | 5 (38.5) | 8 (30.8) | 7 (63.6) | 31 (43.7) | 3 (60.0) | 15 (53.8) | 17 (48.6) | 2 (18.2) |
| 9. It is important to know the gender identity of my patients to provide the best care | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 10 (12.8) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (14.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (15.4) | 3 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Neutral | 15 (19.2) | 5 (18.5) | 3 (23.1) | 5 (19.2) | 2 (18.2) | 14 (19.7) | 1 (20.0) | 7 (26.9) | 4 (11.4) | 2 (18.2) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 53 (67.9) | 19 (70.4) | 8 (61.5) | 17 (65.4) | 8 (72.7) | 47 (66.2) | 4 (80.0) | 15 (57.7) | 28 (80.0) | 9 (81.8) |
| 10. It is important to know the patient's assigned sex at birth to provide the best care | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 12 (15.4) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (30.8) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (9.1) | 11 (15.5) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | 6 (17.1) | 1 (9.1) |
| Neutral | 15 (19.2) | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (26.9) | 3 (27.3) | 15 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.8) | 9 (25.7) | 3 (27.3) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 51 (65.4) | 21 (77.8) | 9 (69.2) | 13 (50.0) | 7 (63.6) | 45 (63.4) | 4 (80.0) | 22 (84.6) | 20 (57.1) | 7 (63.6) |
| 11. Upon first encounter I assume a patient is heterosexual | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 35 (44.9) | 13 (48.1) | 4 (30.8) | 14 (53.8) | 3 (27.3) | 31 (43.7) | 3 (60.0) | 12 (46.2) | 19 (54.3) | 2 (18.2) |
| Neutral | 20 (25.6) | 9 (33.3) | 2 (15.4) | 5 (19.2) | 4 (36.4) | 20 (28.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.5) | 10 (28.6) | 5 (45.5) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 23 (29.5) | 5 (18.5) | 7 (53.8) | 7 (26.9) | 4 (36.4) | 20 (28.2) | 2 (40.0) | 11 (42.3) | 6 (17.1) | 4 (36.4) |
| 12. There should be mandatory education on LGBTQ health needs at my workplace | ||||||||||
| Strongly Disagree/Disagree | 15 (19.2) | 6 (22.2) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (15.5) | 3 (60.0) | 8 (30.8) | 4 (11.4) | 2 (18.2) |
| Neutral | 26 (33.3) | 11 (40.7) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (29.2) | 5 (45.5) | 24 (33.8) | 2 (40.0) | 10 (38.5) | 8 (22.9) | 5 (45.5) |
| Strongly Agree/Agree | 37 (47.4) | 10 (37.0) | 5 (38.5) | 18 (69.2) | 4 (36.4) | 36 (50.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (30.8) | 23 (65.7) | 4 (36.4) |
| Subscales of Attitudes, M (SD) | ||||||||||
| Comfort | 4.11 (0.67) | 3.95 (0.57) | 3.94 (0.80) | 4.36 (0.52) | 4.00 (0.89) | 4.13 (0.67) | 3.65 (0.29) | 4.07 (0.68) | 4.15 (0.66) | 4.18 (0.50) |
| Education | 3.91 (0.78) | 3.77 (0.68) | 3.69 (0.88) | 4.28 (0.52) | 3.61 (1.13) | 3.95 (0.78) | 3.13 (0.51) | 3.77 (0.59)a | 4.23 (0.63)a,b | 3.64 (0.90)b |
| Practice beliefs | 3.57 (0.88) | 3.70 (0.77) | 3.54 (1.06) | 3.38 (0.93) | 3.76 (0.86) | 3.55 (0.90) | 3.87 (0.84) | 3.58 (0.94) | 3.67 (0.83) | 3.42 (0.82) |
Notes: Bold indicates significant difference with at an alpha level of <0.05. Significance tests used were chi-squared tests for test of proportion differences and one-way ANOVA with Brown-Forsythe adjusted F tests for mean differences by categories for attitudes subscales.
a,b
Same superscript indicates statistically significant difference in post hoc tests for mean differences with Bonferroni correction.
c
1 responded indicated "some other viewpoint," and 9 indicated they "prefer not to answer".