TABLE 2.
Human adenovirus serotypes detected in AGE cases without respiratory symptoms and control study participantsa
| Species | Type | AGE cases—all |
AGE cases—no respiratory symptoms |
Asymptomatic controls |
OR (95% CI) for AGE (no respiratory symptoms) vs controlsd | Attributable fraction exposed (%) (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Proportion positive (%)b (n = 467) | Cohort positive (%)c (n = 3,347) | No. | Proportion positive (%)b (n = 171) | Cohort positive (%)c (n = 1,363) | No. | Proportion positive (%)b (n = 42) | Cohort positive (%)c (n = 1,355) | ||||
| A | All | 8 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 2 | 4.8 | 0.1 | 2.1 (08, 5.4) | 51.2 (−23.0, 81.6) |
| 12 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| 31 | 7 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 2 | 4.8 | 0.1 | |||
| B | All | 19 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 8 | 4.7 | 0.6 | 4 | 9.5 | 0.3 | 3.5 (0.9, 13.5) | 71.3 (−11.1, 92.6) |
| 3 | 14 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 6 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 4 | 9.5 | 0.3 | |||
| 7 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | |||||
| 14 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | |||||
| C | All | 159 | 34.0 | 4.8 | 45 | 26.3 | 3.3 | 24 | 57.1 | 1.8 | 2.1 (1.1, 3.8) | 51.7 (11.5, 73.4) |
| 1 | 56 | 12.0 | 1.7 | 15 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 9 | 21.4 | 0.7 | |||
| 2 | 82 | 17.6 | 2.4 | 24 | 14.0 | 1.8 | 13 | 31.0 | 1.0 | |||
| 5 | 14 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 4 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 3 | 7.1 | 0.2 | |||
| 6 | 6 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0 | |||||
| 57 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| E | 4 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| F | 40/41 | 279 | 59.7 | 8.3 | 114 | 66.7 | 8.4 | 11 | 26.2 | 0.8 | 24.9 (13.0, 47.7) | 96.0 (92.3, 97.7) |
AGE, acute gastroenteritis.
The denominator reflects the number of participants positive for any adenovirus and the serotype available, within the respective cohort.
The denominator reflects the entire cohort tested for human adenovirus, within the respective cohort.
OR, odds ratio calculated by performance of multivariable logistic regression analysis employing HAdV serotypes grouped by species (exposure) to determine the association of detection with AGE symptoms (outcome). The OR for each adenovirus species was adjusted for other adenovirus species detected in both cases and controls, adenovirus detections for which typing was not available, codetected pathogens (astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, C. difficile, and other bacteria and parasites), participant age (using standard and quadratic terms), geographic location (Calgary, Edmonton, or other), and year (2014 to 2018) and season (winter, spring, summer, or fall) of enrollment. Because many adenovirus serotypes can cause respiratory symptoms, and since control participants were required to have no infectious symptoms, the multivariable logistic regression analysis included only cases without rhinorrhea or cough (i.e., respiratory symptoms). For each detected adenovirus species, the AF and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by employing the ORs and 95% CIs derived in the multivariable logistic regression model.