Table 1. Distribution of outcomes, demographic factors and risk factors for 30-day mortality by strata of temperature measured in the ED and in the ICU.
| Characteristic | <37°C | 37–38.29°C | 38.3–39.49°C | ≥39.5°C) | p-value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT-ED, n | 572 | 692 | 744 | 377 | |
| BT-ICU, n | 750 | 814 | 563 | 258 | |
| Patient outcomes | |||||
| 30-d Mortality BT-ED | 33.0 | 24.1 | 20.0 | 15.4 | <0.001 |
| 30-d Mortality BT-ICU | 31.5 | 21.3 | 19.2 | 17.8 | <0.001 |
| H-LOS, surv, BT-ED, d c | 18, 9–34 | 14, 8–27 | 12, 7–22 | 12, 7–21 | 0.0001 |
| H-LOS, surv, BT-ICU c | 16, 8–30 | 14, 8–24 | 12, 7–24 | 12, 6–22 | 0.002 |
| ICU-LOS s BT-ED, hoursc | 71 (41–149) | 54 (26–144) | 50 (25–112) | 46 (24–112) | 0.0001 |
| ICU-LOS surv BT-ICU, hc | 65 (29–146) | 54 (26–122) | 49 (26–119) | 45 (23–110) | 0.003 |
| Demography | |||||
| Age BT-ED c | 68, 56–76 | 68, 56–77 | 69, 58–78 | 68, 55–76 | 0.14 |
| Age BT-ED, male c | 67, 56–75 | 68, 56–76 | 68, 59–78 | 70, 59–78 | 0.12 |
| Age BT-ED, female c | 69, 57–78 | 68, 56–77 | 69, 57–78 | 65, 49–75 | 0.02 |
| Age BT-ICU c | 70, 60–78 | 68, 56–77 | 67, 55–76 | 64, 51–74 | 0.0001 |
| Age BT-ICU, male c | 69, 71–77 | 70, 58–78 | 67, 55–76 | 65, 54–74 | 0.001 |
| Age BT-ICU, female c | 71, 59–79 | 66, 54–76 | 67, 55–76 | 63, 43–75 | 0.0001 |
| Sex BT-ED, % female c | 45.8 | 46.1 | 42.1 | 41.6 | 0.27 |
| Sex BT-ICU- % female c | 50.7 | 44.7 | 38.4 | 35.3 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Charlson CI BT-ED | 2, 1–4 d (2.34±2.25 c) | 2, 1–4 d (2.33±2.22c) | 2, 1–4 d (2.40±2.21 c) | 2, 1–3 d (2.23±2.33 c) | 0.28 |
| Charlson CI BT-ICU | 2, 1–4 d (2.48±2.3 c) | 2, 0–3 d (2.20±2.18 c) | 2, 1–4 d (2.43±2.23 c) | 2, 0–3 d (2.21±2.22 c) | 0.04 |
| Severity score | |||||
| SAPS3 BT-ED c | 67, 59–77 | 64, 56–73 | 63, 55–72 | 62, 55–70 | 0.0001 |
| SAPS3 BT-ICU c | 67, 58–76 | 63, 55–72 | 63, 55–71 | 62, 53–73 | 0.0001 |
| t-SAPS3 BT-ED c | 67, 58–76 | 64, 56–73 | 63, 55–72 | 62, 55–70 | 0.0001 |
| t-SAPS3 BT-ICU c | 66, 58–76 | 63, 55–72 | 63, 55–71 | 62, 53–73 | 0.0001 |
| Quality of care in ED | |||||
| Compl sepsis bundle (%) (n = 1846) BT-ED a | 27.2 | 31.6 | 43.1 | 48.0 | <0.001 |
| Incorrect AB BT-ED (%) | 5.8 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 0.30 |
| Resource utilization in ICU | |||||
| Composite NWS BT-ED(n = 2337) c,d | 3 (1–4) 2.50 (1.17) | 2 (1–3) 2.36 (1.13) | 2 (1–3) 2.28 (1.28) | 2 (1–3) 2.24 (1.14) | 0.004 |
| Composite NWS BT-ICU (n = 2337) c,d | 3 (1–3) 2.47 (1.18) | 2 (1–3) 2.36 (1.14) | 2 (1–3) 2.21 (1.11) | 2 (1–3) 2.22 (1.14) | 0.004 |
| Ventil BT-ED (n = 2374) | 32.1 | 34.0 | 27.4 | 24.3 | 0.002 |
| Ventil BT-ICU (n = 2374) | 33.9 | 27.9 | 28.6 | 27.0 | 0.04 |
| Treatment limitations | |||||
| at 48h BT-ED (%) | 23.6 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 14.6 | 0.009 |
| at 48 h BT-ICU (%) | 26.1 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
37°C = 98.6°F, 38.29°C = 100.92°F, 39.49°C = 103.1°F, AB: Antibiotics, BT-ED: Body temperature measured in Emergency Department, BT-ICU: Body temperature measured in Intensive Care Unit, Compl sepsis bundle: Complete sepsis bundle, all four components initiated within 1h, H-LOS, surv, d: Hospital length of stay survivors, days, ICU-LOS s, h: ICU length of stay survivors, hours, Charlson CI: Charlson Comorbidity Index, NWS: Nursing Workload Score, SAPS3: Severe Acute Physiology Score 3, t-SAPS3: SAPS3 minus temperature score for patients with body temperature < 35°C (n = 90). Ventil: Ventilator
a years 2009–2015 (excluding 2007–2008)
b for difference between temperature categories
c Median (IQR)
d Mean (SD)