Table 2.

AMRI studies to date

Author	Year	Context of image interpretation	Approach	Country	Target	Design	Intent of source imaging	Liver disease	Reference standard	Sample size	Analysis	Sens.	Spec.	Comments
Kim et al.[23]	2014	Simulation	NC-AMRI	Korea	Malignancy*	Retros	Diagnosis	Mixed**	Path or FU	128 pts	Per-patient	0.92	0.78	All lesions less than 2cm
Han et al.[24]	2018	Simulation	NC-AMRI	Korea	HCC	Retros	Diagnosis	Mixed**	Path, cMRI, FU	247 pts	Per-patient	0.84	0.82
Chan et al.[25]	2019	Simulation	NC-AMRI	Australia	HCC	Retros	Diagnosis	Cirrhosis	cMRI	44 pts	Per-patient	0.86	0.86
Sutherland et al.[34]	2016	Clinical practice	NC-AMRI*	Australia	HCC	Prosp	Surveillance	Mixed**	Path, cMRI, CT	192 pts	Per-patient	0.83	0.98	NC-AMRI was DWI only
McNamara[36]	2018	Simulation	NC-AMRI*	USA	HCC	Retros	Surveillance	Mixed**	Explant	37 pts*	Per-lesion*	0.78	0.88	NC-AMRI was DWI only: 17 HCC
Hecht et al.[35]	2006	Simulation	Dyn-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Diagnosis*	Cirrhosis	Explant	50 pts*	Per-lesion*	0.68	0.66	All scans at 1.5 Tesla; 19 HCC
Khatri et al.[27]	2020	Simulation	Dyn-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Diagnosis	Cirrhosis	Path, cMRI, FU	100 pts	Per-patient	0.92	0.88	Used coronal T2 as localizing sequence
Marks et al.[28]	2015	Simulation	HBP-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Surveillance	Cirrhosis or HBV	cMRI or FU	298 pts	Per-patient	0.83	0.93
Besa et al.[29]	2017	Simulation	HBP-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Mixed***	Mixed**	Path or cMRI	174 pts	Per-patient	0.80	0.96
Tillman et al.[30]	2018	Simulation	HBP-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Surveillance	Cirrhosis or HBV	Path of cMRI	79 pts*	Per-lesion*	0.85	NR	27 HCC
Brunsing et al.[31]	2019	Clinical practice	HBP-AMRI	USA	HCC	Retros	Surveillance	Cirrhosis or HBV	cMRI or CT	141 pts	Per-patient	0.91	0.99

^*See comments;

^**“Mixed” under “Liver Disease” refers to a cohort or population with mixed etiologies of liver disease which is not easily summarized;

^***“Mixed” under “Intent of source imaging” indicates that imaging included in the study could have been done either for the purpose of diagnosis or surveillance.

AMRI: Abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging; cMRI: complete MRI; CT: computed tomography; DWI: diffusion weighted imaging; Dyn-AMRI: Dynamic abbreviated MRI; FU: follow-up; les: lesions; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; NC-AMRI: non-contrasted abbreviated MRI; NR: not reported; Path: histopathology; Prosp: prospective study; pts: patients; Retros: retrospective study; Sens: sensitivity; Spec: specificity; USA: United States