Table 3.

Description and Function of Genes on X-chromosome which could have Linkage Disequilibrium with the Current Study Significant Haplotypes

Cluster (linkage group)								Gene			Reference
Name	Loci	Haplotype			P- value	Comparison	Location (hg19)	Name	Location (hg19)	Function
Cluster X1	DXS8378, DXS10135, DXS10148	10	21	23.1	0.001	PrCa>HC	chrX:7,198,150-11,330,000	TBL1	chrX:9,621,627-9,684,286	SUMOylation (post-translational modification process) of TBL1 and TBLR1 promotes androgen-independent PrCa cell growth. (SUMO; Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier)	(Park et al., 2016)
		11	30	24.1	0.01	BPH >HC
Cluster X3	DXS10103, DXS10101, HPRTB	19	32.2	12.2	0.01	BPH>HC	chrX:131,246,000-135,482,000	ELF4	chrX:129,198895-129,244688	LOH at this locus identified in ovarian and breast cancers; translocation in acute myelogenous leukemia; rearrangements of BCORL1-ELF4 in hepatocellular carcinomas	(Liu et al., 2012)
		19	30.2	11.2	0.01	BPH >HC		PHF6	chrX:133,507,342-133,562822	Mutation and deletion frequently found in Tcell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult acute myeloid leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma	(Liu et al., 2012)
		17	30	14	0.01	BPH >HC		LDOC1	chrX:140,269,931-140,271310	Down regulated in pancreatic and gastric cancer cell lines; deletions identified in PrCa, but high levels of LDOC1 correlate with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia	(Liu et al., 2012)
Cluster X4	DXS10134, DXS7423, DXS10146	35	15	43.2	0.04**	PrCa>HC	chrX:147,310,000-151,460,000	RPL10	chrX:153,626571-153,630680	LOH and microsatellite instability at this locus frequently occurred in ovarian cancer; down regulated in PrCa and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	(Liu et al., 2012)
		34	14	29	0.01	PrCa>HC		DKC1	chrX:153,991031-154,005964	Sieron et al. did not observe increased gene copy numbers in PrCa with DKC1 overexpression, so they concluded that it likely has an epigenetic role. In this respect, it could be significant that DKC1 was recently identified as a direct target of MYC by Alawi and Lee (2007), a major regulator of cancer cell growth frequently overexpressed in aggressive breast and PrCa.	(Sieron et al., 2009)

PrCa, Prostate Cancer; BPH, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia; HC, Healthy controls, hg19, human genome 19, Microvariant alleles (i.e., 11.2) are designated by the number of full repeats, a decimal, and the number of nucleotides present in the partial repeat (butler, 2011).