Table 1.
Characteristic | Value | F test (df1, df2) | Chi-square (df) | P value | Post-hoc comparison | ||||||
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Indonesian students (n=938) | Taiwanese students (n=313) | Thai students (n=734) |
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Gender, male, n (%) | 134 (14.3) | 117 (37.4) | 146 (19.9) | N/Aa | 78.76 (2) | <.001 | 2>3>1 | ||||
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Medical student, yes, n (%) | 841 (89.7) | 233 (74.4) | 557 (75.9) | N/A | 565.21 (2) | <.001 | 1>2,3 | ||||
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Postgraduate, yes, n (%) | 125 (13.3) | 37 (11.8) | 218 (29.7) | N/A | 92.65 (2) | <.001 | 3>1,2 | ||||
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Anxiety, mean (SD) | 2.33 (0.48) | 2.08 (0.42) | 2.55 (0.43) | 129.19 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 3>1>2 | ||||
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Confidenceb, mean (SD) | 2.75 (0.79) | 2.37 (0.68) | 2.01 (0.86) | 172.43 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 1>2>3 | ||||
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Perceived riskc, mean (SD) | 3.35 (1.16) | 3.47 (0.96) | 3.15 (1.16) | 10.95 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 1,2>3 | ||||
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Supportd, mean (SD) | 4.20 (0.59) | 3.89 (0.68) | 3.48 (0.70) | 259.10 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 1>2>3 | ||||
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Resourcese, mean (SD) | 1.39 (0.50) | 1.80 (0.31) | 1.31 (0.49) | 122.37 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 2>1>3 | ||||
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Internetf, mean (SD) | 2.73 (0.49) | 2.70 (0.49) | 2.82 (0.42) | 10.59 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 3>1,2 | ||||
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Medical staffg, mean (SD) | 2.63 (0.58) | 2.34 (0.67) | 2.37 (0.68) | 1.55 (2, 1982) | N/A | .21 | -- | ||||
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Familyh, mean (SD) | 2.52 (0.60) | 2.18 (0.59) | 2.22 (0.61) | 66.52 (2, 1982) | N/A | <.001 | 1>2,3 | ||||
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aN/A: not applicable.
bConfidence: confidence in pandemic control.
cPerceived risk: risk perception of susceptibility to COVID-19.
dSupport: perceived satisfactory support from family, friends, or university.
eResources: sufficiency of resources.
fInternet: COVID-19 information received from the internet.
gMedical staff: COVID-19 information received from medical staff.
hFamily: COVID-19 information received from family.