Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (N=49).
| Characteristic | All (N=49) | Intervention group (n=25) | Control group (n=24) | P value | |
| Men, n (%) | 36 (74) | 17 (68) | 19 (79) | .52 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 51.22 (10.98) | 50.60 (11.87) | 51.87 (10.20) | .69 | |
| Aged ≥65 years, n (%) | 4 (8) | 3 (12) | 1 (4) | .48 | |
| Education level, n (%) |
|
|
|
.02 | |
|
|
Elementary school | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) |
|
|
|
Junior high school | 5 (10) | 1 (4) | 4 (17) |
|
|
|
Senior high school | 13 (27) | 4 (16) | 9 (38) |
|
|
|
College or university | 29 (59) | 20 (80) | 9 (38) |
|
| Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus | 17 (35) | 8 (32) | 9 (38) | .50 |
|
|
Hypertension | 23 (47) | 11 (44) | 12 (50) | .39 |
|
|
Dyslipidemia | 32 (65) | 16 (64) | 16 (67) | .50 |
| Body composition, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Body weight (kg) | 76.27 (14.29) | 75.84 (15.52) | 76.71 (13.19) | .84 |
|
|
Body fat percentage | 29.39 (5.51) | 29.90 (5.93) | 28.84 (5.11) | .51 |
|
|
BMI | 27.28 (4.29) | 27.07 (4.46) | 27.05 (4.19) | .73 |
|
|
Basal metabolic rate | 1638.29 (246.50) | 1619.6 (271.51) | 1657.75 (221.61) | .59 |
| Laboratory parameters, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.26 (0.40) | 1.15 (0.34) | 1.33 (0.44) | .12 |
|
|
eGFRa (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 66.53 (23.61) | 73.03 (25.01) | 64.27 (22.72) | .21 |
| CKDb stage, n (%) |
|
|
|
.46 | |
|
|
1 | 8 (16) | 5 (20) | 3 (13) |
|
|
|
2 | 22 (45) | 11 (44) | 11 (46) |
|
|
|
3a | 11 (22) | 7 (28) | 4 (17) |
|
|
|
3b | 7 (14) | 2 (8) | 5 (21) |
|
|
|
4 | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
|
aeGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
bCKD: chronic kidney disease.