SL1 is expressed in green tissues and localized in the chloroplast stroma. (A–H) GUS staining of SL1Pro::GUS transgenic plants, showing that SL1 is expressed in the (A) germinating seed, (B) 3-day-old seedling, (C) 7-day-old seedling, (D) rosette leaf, (E) bud, (F) flower, (G) cauline leaf, and (H) silique. Three independent biological repetitions were performed, and three individual plants were used for each repeat. (I) Relative expression of SL1 in different tissues, including the root, cauline leaf, flower, rosette leaf, stem, and silique, at the heading stage. Experiments were replicated three times, with similar results obtained. (J) Confocal microscopic images of the SL1-YFP fusion protein expressed transiently in tobacco epidermal leaf cells. Left to right: yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), chlorophyll, merged image. Bars = 10 μm. (K) SL1 is located in the chloroplast stroma. Chloroplasts were purified from SL1-Flag transgenic plants, and the immunoblot analysis was conducted using antibodies against Flag, ClpC (a stroma protein), D2 (a thylakoid membrane protein), and Cyp38 (a thylakoid lumen protein). C, intact chloroplast; S, stroma; T, thylakoid membrane; and L, thylakoid lumen.