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. 2020 Dec 16;14:611393. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.611393

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Copyright © 2020 Fonteh, Chiang, Arakaki, Edminster and Harrington.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alteration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sphingolipids (SPs) in the CH-PAT group – SP levels in the supernatant fluids (SF) and nanoparticles (NP) fractions were determined for CH-NAT, CH-PAT, and AD samples. CM (A), dhCM (B), total SP in the SF fraction (C), and the CM/SM ratio (D) were determined in the SF fraction. In the NP fraction, we also quantified CM (E), dhCM (F), total SP (G), and the ratio of CM to SM (H). These data are the mean ± SEM and a significant change (p < 0.05) in SP amounts way ANOVA and Dunns multiple comparisons) are indicated with a symbol (*). The heatmaps show the clustering data of SP changes in the SF fraction (I) and the NP fraction (J). The distance measures used Euclidean while the clustering algorithm used Ward on the Metabanalyst 4.0 platform.