Table II.
Participant characteristics.
| Total | ≤85% visit adherence | >85% visit adherence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | X2 | p-value |
| All | 146 | (100) | 63 | (43.7) | 81 | (56.3) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| African | 125 | (85.6) | 57 | (90.4) | 66 | (81.5) | 2.45 | .29 |
| American/Black | ||||||||
| White/Non-Hispanic | 12 | (8.2) | 3 | (4.8) | 9 | (11.1) | ||
| Other | 9 | (6.2) | 3 | (4.8) | 6 | (7.4) | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Born | 88 | (60.3) | 40 | (63.5) | 46 | (56.8) | 0.71 | .70 |
| Male/Identify | ||||||||
| Male | ||||||||
| Born | 55 | (37.7) | 22 | (34.9) | 33 | (40.7) | ||
| Female/Identify | ||||||||
| Female | ||||||||
| Other | 3 | (2.1) | 1 | (1.6) | 2 | (2.5) | ||
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Never married/Single | 86 | (58.9) | 32 | (50.8) | 53 | (65.4) | 7.79 | .35 |
| Divorced/Separated | 30 | (20.5) | 18 | (28.6) | 12 | (14.8) | ||
| Married/Living with Significant | 14 | (9.6) | 5 | (7.9) | 8 | (9.9) | ||
| Other | ||||||||
| Widow/Widower | 14 | (9.6) | 7 | (11.1) | 7 | (8.6) | ||
| Other | 2 | (1.4) | 1 | (1.6) | 1 | (1.2) | ||
| Sexual Orientation | ||||||||
| Homosexual, Gay, or Lesbian | 30 | (20.5) | 11 | (17.5) | 18 | (22.2) | 2.76 | .60 |
| Heterosexual or Straight | 92 | (63.0) | 43 | (68.3) | 48 | (59.3) | ||
| A Man Who Has Sex with Men | 6 | (4.1) | 3 | (4.8) | 3 | (3.7) | ||
| Bisexual | 16 | (11.0) | 6 | (9.5) | 10 | (12.3) | ||
| Other | 2 | (1.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (2.5) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Some high school or less | 32 | (22.0) | 15 | (23.8) | 15 | (18.5) | 0.83 | .66 |
| High school graduate or GED | 54 | (37.0) | 24 | (38.1) | 30 | (37.0) | ||
| Some college or higher | 60 | (41.0) | 24 | (38.1) | 36 | (44.4) | ||
| Monthly Household Incomea | ||||||||
| ≤$1,000 | 101 | (69.2) | 50 | (79.4) | 50 | (61.7) | 5.20 | .02 |
| >$1,000 | 44 | (30.1) | 13 | (20.6) | 31 | (38.3) | ||
| Health Care Coverage | ||||||||
| No | 29 | (19.9) | 14 | (22.2) | 14 | (17.3) | 0.55 | .46 |
| Yes | 117 | (80.1) | 49 | (77.8) | 67 | (82.7) | ||
| Unstable housing in the past 12 months | ||||||||
| No | 129 | (88.4) | 16 | (25.4) | 1 | (1.2) | 19.87 | <001 |
| Yes | 17 | (11.6) | 47 | (74.6) | 80 | (98.8) | ||
| Transportation to the clinic | ||||||||
| Public | 96 | (65.8) | 46 | (73.0) | 50 | (61.7) | 2.55 | .77 |
| Private vehicle | 39 | (26.7) | 13 | (20.6) | 24 | (29.6) | ||
| Rides from family/friends/others | 3 | (2.0) | 1 | (1.6) | 2 | (2.5) | ||
| Walking | 8 | (5.5) | 3 | (4.8) | 5 | (6.2) | ||
| Transportation time to the clinic | ||||||||
| <30 minutes | 43 | (29.5) | 17 | (27.0) | 25 | (30.9) | 2.27 | .52 |
| 30 minutes - 1 hour | 60 | (41.1) | 24 | (38.1) | 35 | (43.2) | ||
| 1 – 2 hours | 37 | (25.3) | 20 | (31.7) | 17 | (21.0) | ||
| 2 – 3 hours | 6 | (4.1) | 2 | (3.2) | 4 | (4.9) | ||
| Baseline CD4+ T cell countb | ||||||||
| ≥ 200 cells/mm3 | 130 | (90.3) | 52 | (82.5) | 78 | (96.3) | 7.64 | .01 |
| < 200 cells/mm3 | 14 | (9.7) | 11 | (17.5) | 3 | (3.7) | ||
| Baseline HIV-1 RNA viral loada | ||||||||
| < 40 copies/mL | 96 | (66.2) | 35 | (55.6) | 61 | (75.3) | 6.22 | .01 |
| ≥ 40 copies/mL | 49 | (33.8) | 28 | (44.4) | 20 | (24.7) | ||
| Hospitalizationsa | ||||||||
| No | 132 | (91.0) | 54 | (85.7) | 77 | (95.1) | 3.77 | .04 |
| Yes | 13 | (9.0) | 9 | (14.3) | 4 | (4.9) | ||
| ED visitsa | ||||||||
| No | 119 | (82.1) | 52 | (82.5) | 66 | (81.5) | 0.03 | .87 |
| Yes | 26 | (17.9) | 11 | (17.5) | 15 | (18.5) | ||
| Total | ≤85% visit adherence | >85% visit adherence | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | t-test | p-value | |
| Age | 50 – 72 | 56.5 | (4.6) | 56.6 | (4.8) | 56.4 | (4.4) | 0.12 | .73 |
| Years since HIV diagnosis | 2 – 34 | 18.1 | (8.4) | 19.1 | (8.0) | 17.3 | (8.7) | 1.72 | .19 |
| DAST-10 | 0 – 9 | 1.2 | (1.9) | 1.7 | (2.3) | 0.8 | (1.3) | 9.00 | .00 |
| AUDIT-10 | 0 – 20 | 2.4 | (3.6) | 3.0 | (4.3) | 1.9 | (2.9) | 3.22 | .08 |
| ATHCP | 35 – 114 | 102.8 | (13.5) | 105.2 | (12.0) | 101.1 | (14.5) | 3.40 | .07 |
| CESD-R | 0 – 47 | 10.99 | (10.33) | 10.92 | (10.12) | 11.04 | (10.55) | 0.00 | .95 |
| CCI | 0 – 8 | 1.3 | (1.5) | 1.2 | (1.4) | 1.3 | (1.7) | 0.18 | .67 |
| DERS | 36 – 136 | 71.2 | (20.1) | 70.6 | (21.0) | 71.9 | (19.7) | 0.14 | .71 |
| SNI | 0 – 48 | 16.1 | 10.6 | 15.3 | (10.7) | 16.5 | (10.4) | 0.45 | .50 |
| PROMIS-SI | 34 – 72 | 47.2 | (10.1) | 47.4 | (9.1) | 47.3 | (10.9) | 0.00 | .93 |
a
n=145;
b
n=144; SD=standard deviation; ED=Emergency department; DAST-10=10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test; AUDIT-10=10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; ATHCP=Attitude Towards the Health Care Provider Scale; CESD-R= Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised; CCI=Charlson Comorbidity Index; DERS=Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; SNI=Social Network Index; PROMIS-SI= Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Social Isolation