Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Aged 40 to 59 Years by Cardiovascular Health Score Groups
| Characteristics | White Participants | Black Participants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High CVH | Moderate CVH | Low CVH | High CVH | Moderate CVH | Low CVH | |
| Men, No. | 227 | 1622 | 2772 | 30 | 278 | 870 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 50.6 (4.5) | 51.6 (4.5) | 52.2 (4.5) | 49.7 (4.3) | 51.1 (4.3) | 52.0 (4.3) |
| High school education or greater, % | 97.5 | 91.9 | 85.5 | 96.7 | 87.1 | 64.4 |
| Current alcohol drinking, % | 71.4 | 64.7 | 60.4 | 63.3 | 52.9 | 51.5 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 2.2 | 10.1 | 21.3 | 6.7 | 17.6 | 36.2 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, % | 3.1 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
| History of diabetes, % | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 11.1 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.0 (2.0) | 26.2 (3.1) | 28.8 (4.1) | 23.8 (2.2) | 26.7 (4.0) | 28.7 (4.9) |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), z-score | 1.04 (1.09) | 0.59 (1.05) | 0.00 (0.97) | 1.69 (2.84) | 0.43 (1.42) | −0.27 (1.03) |
| Healthy diet score, mean (SD), aHEI score | 56.9 (10.8) | 48.4 (11.4) | 41.7 (10.2) | 62.9 (10.5) | 50.1 (11.8) | 41.8 (9.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 179.0 (25.8) | 195.9 (32.5) | 215.9 (38.0) | 169.5 (20.7) | 187.7 (34.7) | 210.7 (45.8) |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 49.5 (12.3) | 45.1 (11.8) | 41.2 (11.3) | 54.4 (14.0) | 48.8 (12.8) | 49.6 (17.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 108.7 (10.2) | 114.5 (12.2) | 123.2 (15.5) | 110.1 (9.3) | 117.5 (14.0) | 131.6 (20.3) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 68.4 (7.0) | 71.8 (8.1) | 76.4 (10.1) | 72.3 (7.7) | 76.1 (9.8) | 83.9 (12.2) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 91.6 (7.1) | 96.0 (10.5) | 107.8 (28.1) | 86.9 (7.2) | 92.5 (12.4) | 112.1 (42.7) |
| Women, No. | 565 | 2396 | 2607 | 100 | 842 | 2123 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 50.2 (4.4) | 51.0 (4.5) | 52.2 (4.5) | 52.7 (4.0) | 52.7 (4.1) | 52.9 (4.1) |
| High school education or greater, % | 94.9 | 92.5 | 82.2 | 99.0 | 91.8 | 76.4 |
| Current alcohol drinking, % | 61.1 | 49.2 | 37.9 | 53.3 | 45.1 | 34.9 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, % | 3.0 | 11.2 | 28.2 | 10.0 | 23.3 | 46.5 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use, % | 1.1 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 7.4 |
| History of diabetes, % | 0.0 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 13.0 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 22.5 (2.3) | 24.8 (4.0) | 29.0 (6.1) | 24.4 (3.3) | 27.9 (5.3) | 32.4 (6.6) |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), z-score | 0.76 (1.05) | 0.14 (0.91) | −0.40 (0.79) | 0.59 (0.92) | 0.16 (0.99) | −0.36 (0.86) |
| Healthy diet score, mean (SD), aHEI score | 59.1 (8.6) | 51.1 (10.1) | 44.9 (9.6) | 63.1 (9.5) | 55.5 (11.0) | 46.2 (10.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 182.8 (27.5) | 201.1 (33.6) | 226.8 (42.9) | 181.5 (29.8) | 197.7 (36.8) | 221.8 (43.7) |
| HDL cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 65.6 (15.7) | 60.7 (15.7) | 53.0 (15.6) | 64.8 (15.8) | 60.2 (16.1) | 56.2 (16.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 104.6 (10.1) | 111.1 (14.0) | 121.4 (18.1) | 112.9 (12.1) | 119.0 (15.0) | 131.1 (19.1) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 65.2 (7.2) | 68.2 (8.9) | 72.3 (10.0) | 71.0 (7.4) | 74.7 (9.2) | 80.0 (10.6) |
| Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mg/dL | 88.8 (7.9) | 92.4 (12.7) | 106.4 (35.0) | 84.6 (7.5) | 89.9 (13.4) | 114.3 (51.7) |
aHEI indicates adjusted Healthy Eating Index 2010; CVH, cardiovascular health; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; and SD, standard deviation