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. 2020 Dec 29;10:22419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79625-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Survival of Phi6, PhiX174, and MS2 respectively as a function of RH and medium type on glass surface. Left panel: Bacteriophage titer concentration (PFU/mL) after 14 h incubation at 23%, 43%, 57%, and 78% RH at 25 °C. A 10⁵–10⁶ titer of bacteriophage suspended in SM buffer, H₂O, or human saliva was applied by spraying on a glass surface. A control sample was left suspended in the spraying device for the duration of the incubation period. Following the incubation period, phage concentration was determined by plaque assay (mean ± SD of four replicates; points represent individual replicates). Right panel: Relative log reduction of viability of Phi6, PhiX174, and MS2 in SM buffer (green), H₂O (red) and saliva (blue) (mean ± SD of four replicates) in evaporated microdroplets. Each data point is derived by subtracting the log value of the inoculum from the log value of the virus titer at each RH.