Table 2.

Mobile and web-apps in South America for early detection of COVID-19.

Country	Mobile Apps during COVID-19
Argentina	The Cuidar mobile app (23) enables self-diagnosis for people based on manual entry of symptoms, provides assistance and recommendations in the case of contagion and provides contact-tools for these cases to health authorities. The application is linked to a broader system that articulates the collected information with the health-authorities in charge of emergency care, both for the national and provincial governments. In this way, the app complements and assists the prevention and care policies for the population and, in particular, provides specific elements and supplies for the health intervention of the Ministries of Health throughout the national territory of Argentina.
Bolivia	The Coronavirus Bolivia app includes comprehensive information on symptoms, official communications, notices, information, emergency contacts and FAQs (24).
Brazil	The Coronavirus-Sus app was launched with the purpose of alerting people regarding the situation through information on diverse topics like possible symptoms, preventive measures, or detection in case of symptoms. In case of suspected infection, it can be checked if the symptoms are compatible with COVID-19, and if so, instructions are provided, referring to the nearest basic healthcare facility (25).
Chile	The CoronApp includes health status reporting, daily monitoring of symptoms, controlling the quarantine, resolving doubts and reporting risk situations to prevent infections, in addition to providing updated information from the health authorities (26). It has a virtual assistant based on artificial intelligence to answer general queries by WhatsApp, or by phone call, contacting the healthcare authorities. In addition, using geolocation of the phone, the app has been enabled to send alerts and notifications to people if they leave their quarantine zone, and reporting of risk situations in the form of crowds, events and improper conduct. The motive is a collaborative care system in connection with the health authorities and administrations to take quick actions in risky situations.
Colombia	The Coronapp is a free app that does not consume data and it helps in the detection of affected areas and nearby people with a positive diagnosis for COVID-19. Also, it facilitates the real-time monitoring of data collected at the Emergency Operations Center of the National Health Institute (INS), so that they can act quickly and provide support in coordination with local, departmental and national authorities (27).
Ecuador	The SaludEc app is oriented to meet several objectives. It is aimed at evaluating people's symptoms to flag possible cases or rule out the possibilities. It is also a way to send official information timely through digital channels and reduce the load on channel 171. It puts forward a telemedicine channel to complement the already established channels. Also, it enables the scheduling of medical appointments in the first level health centers of the Ministry of Public Health in specialties not related to the coronavirus such as General Medicine, Psychology, Obstetrics and Dentistry (28).
Guyana	With the objective of improving the response of the ministry to reports of suspected cases of COVID-19, the Ministry of Public Health has launched an online app, providing self-screening facilities based on symptoms, in addition to regular recommendations and alerts, and other useful information like hotline numbers and periodic information on COVID-19 (29).
Paraguay	The COVID-19 PY platform is aimed exclusively at people who are in isolation and health personnel to connect through the web-app. It offers daily medical self-reporting by people in home-quarantine and if symptoms are detected, corresponding recommendations are provided. Also monitoring and follow-up of people in quarantine is performed using geolocation for greater efficiency in the control of data of people in isolation (30).
Perú	The Perú en tus manos app shows a heatmap with red circles in the areas with already infected people and with orange circles where there are people with registered symptoms of COVID-19. Additionally, the app gives people the possibility of carrying out a digital triage oriented to the epidemiological alert to find out if they are at risk of having transmitted the coronavirus. Likewise, an important functionality has been developed for patients affected by COVID-19 under compulsory social isolation, enabling them to report their health status and update their symptoms regularly, so that the members of the 'Te Cuido Peru' Group in coordination with the Ministry of Health can attend them in a timely way. In this way, they also receive a daily summary and follow-up of their health condition and will know if their health has deteriorated. If necessary, health specialists can contact the affected person to provide immediate care if needed (31).
Suriname	A dedicated website for COVID-19 has been developed, primarily for the dissemination of official information and guidelines related to the disease, in addition to reporting systems integrated with the website (32).
Uruguay	The mobile app Coronavirus UY allows to connect citizens with possible symptoms of COVID-19 with the healthcare providers, in order to reduce waiting times for consultations and attention during the state of health emergency in Uruguay, and provide other uses like visualization of information across the country, reporting of symptoms, telemedicine consultation and exposure alerts. Exposure alert is a valuable tool both for people (to be able to quickly find out about a certain risk of contagion) and for the authorities, in terms of monitoring and responding to the appearance of specific sources of contagion. In order to provide total transparency and guarantees on the management of the information collected, in this first stage, the national-level stakeholders (academia, industry, organized civil societies) were given the possibility of auditing the documentation and source code of the Coronavirus UY app, including its exposure alert functionalities (33).
Venezuela	A COVID-19 screening survey through the mobile Patria system was launched, enabling people to report the appearance of symptoms related to the disease, facilitating the follow-up by authorities (34).