Table 1.

Characteristics of 2,178 Physician Practices in Sample

		Unweighted
		Freq/Mean	%/SD
Mean number social risks screened by practice		2.4	34.0
Practice is FQHC/look‐alike		314	14.3
Medicaid revenue	None	288	13.2
	Low Medicaid (<30%)	1,423	65.0
	High Medicaid (≥30%)	479	21.9
Value‐based payment reform exposure scale *		42.6	27.6
Payment reforms	Bundled payments	584	26.7
	Improvement programs	1,227	56.0
	Pay for performance	1,426	65.1
	Capitated contracts	1,001	45.7
	Medicare ACO	1,100	50.2
	Medicaid ACO	750	34.3
	Commercial ACO	961	43.9
Anticipated accountable care in 5 years	None/Some	1,260	57.5
	Most/All	930	42.5
Innovation culture scale *		53.0	21.4
Innovation barriers scale *		55.1	29.5
Advanced data systems scale *		54.5	21.5
System for evidence		981	44.8
Practice ownership	Hospital or system	1,158	52.9
	Larger physician group	267	12.2
	Independent	612	28.0
	Other	153	7.0
Practice size	0‐3 physicians	539	24.6
	4‐7 physicians	845	38.6
	8‐12 physicians	331	15.1
	13‐19 physicians	167	7.6
	20+ physicians	308	14.1
Region (census)	West	548	25.0
	Midwest	631	28.8
	Northeast	433	19.8
	South	578	26.4

Abbreviations: ACO, accountable care organization; FQHC, Federally Qualified Health Center; SD, standard deviation.

Scale variables marked with an asterisk (^*) are composite scales calculated from multiple survey items. In all cases, scale scores can range from 0 to 100.