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. 2020 Oct 14;100(1):64–72. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.021

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of APS on intestinal villus length (A–C), V/C ratios (D–F), and wall thickness (G–I) in experimental Muscovy ducklings. Intestines from each experimental group (n = 6) were sectioned and stained with HE at 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 15 dpi, and then, 5 sections per group were selected for determination of villus length, V/C ratios, and wall thickness. Bars without the same superscripts (A–C) mean significant differences (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: APG, APS pretreatment for MDRV infected group pretreated with 0.6 g/L APS in drinking water; APS, Astragalus polysaccharide; CIG, cohabitation infection control group treated with drinking water and infected with 2,000 TCID50 of MDRV; dpi, d postinfection; HE, hematoxylin–eosin stain; NCG, normal control group supplemented with drinking water throughout the experimental trial; TCID50, median tissue culture infective dose.