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Effect of APS on ileal sIgA and duodenal cytokines in experimental Muscovy ducklings from each experimental group (n = 6). Values are expressed as mean counts ±SD, different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: APG, APS pretreatment for the MDRV-infected group; APS, Astragalus polysaccharide; CIG, cohabitation infection group; NCG, normal control group; sIgA, secretory IgA.
