Table 1.

Pathophysiological processes contributing to increased risk of chronic neurological disease, including dementia, in COVID-19 patients

	References
1. Hypoxia and cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to cardiorespiratory disease	[25, 26]
- Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, diffuse white matter damage
2. Coagulopathy, with thrombotic occlusion of cerebral blood vessels	[22]
- Cerebral artery thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation
3. Cerebral microvascular damage and dysfunction	[23, 24]
- Endotheliitis, pericyte damage, BBB leakiness, neurovascular dysfunction, impaired autoregulation, impaired vascular/para-vascular drainage
4. Dysregulation of renin-angiotensin system	[125–127, 160, 161]
- Loss of regulatory RAS and overactivity of classical RAS signalling
5. SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis / post-infective encephalitis (rare)	[27, 28, 38], reviewed in [5]
- CNS viral neuroinvasion via olfactory nerve fibres or vasculature/post-infective immune injury to CNS