Table 1:
Dysregulated miRNAs induced by arsenic in in vitro models.
| Cell Line | Arsenic Concentration & Time of Exposure | Results | miRNA Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HaCaT | 100 nM, 28 weeks | Presence of giant multinuclear cells and exhibition of anchorage-independent growth through colony formation after arsenic exposure |
Up: miR-7–5p, miR-4521, miR-6739–5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-100–5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-3919, miR-125b-5p, miR-378i, miR-494–3p, miR-140–3p Down: miR-1973, miR-23a-3p, miR-4787–5p, miR-3178, miR-513a-5p, miR-7704, miR-3196, miR-4497, miR-31–5p, miR-3960, miR-1273g-3p, miR-203a, miR-4284, miR-4508 Validated-Up: mir-6739–5p, mir-4521, mir-181b-5p, mir-100–5p and hmir-3919 Down: hsa-mir-513a-5p |
[43] |
| HaCaT | 500 nM, 4 weeks | Alterations in miRNAs linked to carcinogenesis: miR-22, miR-21, miR-34b, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-27b and miR-23b |
Up: miR-22, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-205, miR-141, miR-1260, miR-720, miR-1280, miR-200a, miR-19b, miR-30e, miR-27b, miR-23b, miR-27a, miR-1274a, miR-181a, miR-1469, miR-19a, miR-184, miR-101, miR-29b Down: miRPlus-E1012, miRPlus-G1246–3p, miR-1285, miRPlus-E1247, miRPlus-F1147, miRPlus-F1231, miR-34b, miR-F1017, miRPlus-A1087 Validated-Up: miR-21, miR-141 and miR-200a Down: miR-PLUS-A1087 |
[44] |
| HaCaT | 100 nM, 3 and 7 weeks | Total TP53 and TP53-S15-phosphorylation induction. However, TP53-K382-hypoacetylation suggested that the induced TP53 is inactive in arsenic exposed cells |
Up (3 weeks): miR-339, miR-4309, miR-645, miR-2682–5p Down (3 weeks): miR-1228, miR-4692, miR-548au, miR-548a-3p, miR-1254, miR-3618, miR-8083 Up (7 weeks): miR-339, miR-1228, miR-4692, miR-645, miR-2682–5p Down (7 weeks): miR-4309, miR-548au, miR-548a-3p, miR-1254, miR-3618, miR-8083 |
[45] |
| RWPE-1 WPE-stem cells | 5 μM, 29 weeks (CAsE-PE cells) 18 weeks (As-CSC cells) | Multiple in vitro signs of malignant transformation and production of tumor xenografts in nude mice |
Up (CAsE-PE): miR-9, miR-96, miR-183 Down (CAsE-PE): miR-134, miR-127–5p, miR-373, miR-34c-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-135b, miR-222, miR-155, miR-138, miR-205, miR-218, miR-10b, miR-181d, miR-125a-5p, let-7b, miR-181b, miR-98, let-7i, miR-34a, miR-196a, miR-181a, let-7e, miR-181c, let-7c, miR-125b, miR-126 As-CSC Up: miR-34a, let-29b, miR-193b, miR-7 Down: miR-9, miR-34c-5p, miR-135b, miR-138, miR-205, miR-218, miR-143, miR-355, miR-148a Validated (CAsPE)-Down: miR-134, miR-373, miR-155, miR-138, miR-205, miR-181d, miR-181c, let-7b, let-7i, let-7e, and let-7c Validated (As-CSC)-Down: miR-143, miR-34c-5p, and miR-205 |
[46] |
| Jurkat | 2 μM, 24 hours 144 hours | Formation of large cell aggregates and increased percentage of G2/M population of cells following 24 h arsenic exposure with return to pretreatment conditions at 144h |
Up (24h): miR-150 miR-181a, miR-142–5p, miR-222, miR-663, miR-638, miR-30d, miR-130b, miR-378, miR-181c, miR-142–5p, miR-625, miR-744, miR-629, miR-140–3p, miR-575, miR-7–1, let-7d, mir-221, miR-186, miR-425, miR-107, miR-361–5p, miR-532–5p, miR-149, miR-222, miR-663, miR-638 Down(24h): miR-29c, miR-150, miR-200c, miR-18a, miR-342–5p, miR-223, let-7e, let-7a, let-7c, miR-21, miR-574–5p, miR-181b, Up (144h): miR-575, miR-574–5p, miR-7–1, let-7d, mir-221, miR-186, miR-361–5p, miR-181b, miR-532–5p, miR-149, miR-222, miR-663, miR-638 Down (144h): miR-29c, miR-130b, miR-378, miR-150, miR-200c, miR-18a, miR-342–5p, miR-181c, miR-142–5p, miR-625, miR-744, miR-629, miR-140–3p, miR-181a, miR-223, miR-34c-3p, let-7e, let-7a, let-7c, miR-21, miR-425, miR-107 Validated (both)-Up:miR-663, miR-221, miR-222, miR-638 Down:miR-150, Up (24):miR-30d, miR-142–5p, miR-181a Down(144):miR-142–5p, miR-181a, |
[48] |
| HepG-2 | 4 μM, 24 hours | Apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of ATO on HepG-2 cells were significantly enhanced by miR-29a |
Up: miR-24, miR-29a, miR-30a, miR-210 and miR-866–3p Down: miR-744, miR-296–5p, miR-663, and miR-675 Validated-Up: miR-24, miR-29a, miR-30a and miR-210 |
[49] |
| HUVECs | 20 μM, 24 hours | Alterations in miRNAs implicated in hypertrophic heart (hsa-miR-19b and hsa-miR-29b) and regulation of fatty acid metabolism and insulin signaling (hsa-miR-301a, and hsa-miR-33a) Alterations in miRNAs targeted key cellular functions: phosphoproteins/ genes in alternative splicing, transcription regulation, RNA metabolic process and transcription factor activity | Up: miR-21, let-7i, miR-130a, miR-103, miR-107, miR-132, miR-16, miR-182, miR-193a-3p, miR-194, miR-196b, miR-19b, miR-200a, miR-215, miR-221, miR-23b, miR-26a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-335, miR-365, miR-493, miR-151–5p, miR-138, miR-301a, miR-96, miR-429, miR-10a, miR-542–3p, miR-487b, miR-361–5p, miR-15b, miR-24, miR-30b, miR-425, miR-532–5p, let-7a, miRPlus-A1087, miR-20b, miR-100, miR-148b, miR-17, miR-30d, miR-15a, miR-93, miR-125b, miR-101, miR-92a, miR-1184, miRPlus-E1060, miR-10b, miR-145, miR-128, miR-362–5p, miR-937, miR-140–3p, miR-20a, miR-25, miR-33a, miR-940, miR-886–3p, miR-874, miR-28–5p, miR-181a, miR-339–3p, miR-29a, miR-30c, miRPlus-E1136, miRPlus-E1141, miRPlus-F1147, let-7f, let-7d, let-7g, miR-1287, miRPlus-E1070, miRPlus-E1016, miR-27a, miRPlus-E1088, miRPlus-E1196, miRPlus-E1100, miR-375, miR-31, miR-191 | [50] |
|
Down: miR-299–3p, miR-325, miR-200c, miR-622, miR-585, miR-934, miR-183, miRPlus-C1115, miRPlus-D1058, miR-761, miR-892b, miRPlus-D1036, miR-122, miR-135a, miR-640, miRPlus-A1072, miR-549, miR-508–5p, miR-638, miRPlus-F1155, miR-1249, miRPlus-F1035, miRPlus-F1243, miRPlus-E1045, miRPlus-F1170, miRPlus-F1149, miRPlus-E1133, miRPlus-F1218, miRPlus-E1074, miRPlus-F1225, miR-1275, miRPlus-E1015, miRPlus-E1101, miRPlus-F1215, miRPlus-E1211, miRPlus-E1245, miRPlus-E1205, miR-1299, miRPlus-F1127, miRPlus-F1141, miRPlus-F1239, miRPlus-F1066, miRPlus-E1071, miRPlus-E1209, miR-205, miR-1252, miR-548n, miR-198, miR-617, miRPlus-E1063, miR-890, miR-542–5p Validated-Up: miR-19b, miR-29b, miR-33a, miR-874, miR-21 Down: miR-508–5p, miR-1252, miR-198 |