TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Nutrition, the Unrecognized Determinant in Alzheimer's Disease (NUDAD) study population
| All | SCD | MCI | AD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline diagnosis | No progression | Progression | No progression | Progression | No progression | Progression | No progression | Progression |
| 361 | 167 | 182 | 22 | 85 | 45 | 94 | 100 | |
| Age, years | 63.65 ± 8.13 | 66.26 ± 8.39* | 60.42 ± 7.45 | 62.61 ± 8.38 | 65.74 ± 7.34 | 66.85 ± 8.16 | 68.02 ± 7.44 | 66.79 ± 8.37 |
| Female | 166 (46) | 78 (47) | 86 (47) | 9 (41) | 34 (40) | 19 (42) | 46 (49) | 50 (50) |
| Education (Verhage scale) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 6 (5, 6) | 6 (5, 6) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (4, 6) | 5 (5, 6) | 5 (4, 6) |
| MMSE | 27 (25, 29) | 24 (21, 27)* | 29 (27, 29) | 29 (27, 29) | 27 (25, 28) | 26 (25, 28) | 24 (22, 26) | 22 (20, 24)* |
| APOE ε4 carrier a | 173 (51) | 102 (63)* | 70 (41) | 13 (62) | 46 (56) | 25 (60) | 57 (66) | 64 (65) |
| Follow‐up duration, years | 2.17 ± 0.90 | 2.11 ± 0.82 | 2.18 ± 0.93 | 2.23 ± 0.79 | 2.28 ± 0.69 | 2.09 ± 0.90 | 2.04 ± 0.99 | 2.09 ± 0.79 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.24 ± 4.22 | 24.97 ± 3.86* | 27.04 ± 4.72 | 25.79 ± 4.25 | 25.65 ± 3.72 | 24.99 ± 3.50 | 25.23 ± 3.24 | 24.77 ± 3.93 |
| Smoker | ||||||||
| Current | 51 (14) | 25 (15) | 25 (14) | 2 (9) | 15 (18) | 8 (18) | 11 (12) | 15 (15) |
| Former | 141 (39) | 62 (37) | 69 (38) | 13 (59) | 31 (36) | 17 (38) | 41 (44) | 32 (32) |
| No | 169 (47) | 80 (48) | 88 (48) | 7 (32) | 39 (46) | 20 (44) | 42 (45) | 53 (53) |
| Alcohol, glasses per day | 0.5 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.0) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.9) | 0.5 (0.0, 1.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 (10) | 13 (8) | 11 (6) | 3 (14) | 15 (18) | 2 (4) | 9 (10) | 8 (8) |
| Hypertension | 131 (36) | 51 (31) | 64 (35) | 6 (27) | 33 (39) | 16 (36) | 34 (36) | 29 (29) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 109 (30) | 42 (25) | 43 (24) | 4 (18) | 30 (35) | 15 (33) | 36 (38) | 23 (23)* |
| Lipid‐lowering medication | 98 (27) | 35 (22) | 39 (21) | 2 (9) | 25 (29) | 13 (29) | 34 (36) | 21 (21)* |
| Amyloid positive b | 143 (49) | 110 (83)* | 34 (24) | 10 (69)* | 37 (53) | 26 (65) | 72 (92) | 73 (95) |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IQR, interquartile range; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; PET, positron emission tomography; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; SD, standard deviation.
Notes: Data in mean ± SD, n(%), median (IQR), groups were compared on their outcome (stable vs progression) in the total cohort and within subgroups of their baseline syndrome diagnosis (SCD/MCI/AD). Education was rated using Verhage's scale ranging from 1 (low) to 7 (high). 52 *P <.05 values correspond to t‐test, χ2 test or Mann‐Whitney U tests when appropriate.
APOE genotype was available in 500 participants (95%).
Amyloid status (CSF or PET) was available in 423 (80%) participants.